Progressive Era Flashcards
Muckrakers~
Journalists who exposed corruption and problems in society
“The Jungle” ~
The book that brought to light the issues and conditions in the meat packing industry
Direct Primary~
~Citizens vote for candidates
~Started in Wisconsin
~Robert M. La Follette
Initiative~
Citizens can put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting voters’ signatures
Referendum~
Citizens can approve or reject all laws passed by the legislature
Recall~
Permits public officials from office before the next election
17th Amendment~
Direct election of senators
Socialism~
~A political and economic theory of a social organization
~Production, distribution, and exchange should be regulated and owned by community as a whole
Square Deal~
In order to give all people fair treatment Roosevelt reforms in consumer protection, conservation of resources, and control of corporations
Significance of the Coal Strike of 1902~
~Roosevelt said “To hell with the Constitution when the people need coal”
~Coal miners stopped working
~One of the first times the president became more involved
Trusts~
Legal boy created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry~ in order to obtain a monopoly
Meat Inspection Act~
Meat must be packed under sanitary conditions and from healthy animals
Pure Food and Drug Act~
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of falsely labeled food and drugs
1906 American Antiquities Act~
Certain land and landmarks would be designated as “monuments” or parks
Taft’s Presidency~
~Increased tariffs ~Busted many trusts ~Did not do as much in conservation ~Appoints Ballinger ~Fires Pinchot
Why did Wilson win the election of 1912?
~Similar to “Square Deal” called for reform
1) lowered tariffs significantly
2) Clayton anti trust act-federal trade commission
3) financial reform~ protects the value of money and credit, controls amount printed
Federal Trade Commission~
Monitors and investigates any bad behavior by business
Federal Reserve Act~
~The federal reserve established a permanent system of money using notes (dollar bills)
~Protects the value of money and credit
~Control the amount of money printed
Clayton Anit-Trust Act~
Banned the purchase of stock by companies with the intention on forming a monopoly
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Booker T. Washington~
~Believed that education and economic progress for minorities was more important than equality
~Economic power leads to respect and power
~Established the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to teach skills and trades
W.E.B. DuBois~
~Disagreed with Washington
~Political and social equality needs to be established before there can be economic success
~ NACCP
~ Formed out of a group of educated black intellectuals sought to use law and courts as a means to achieve equality
Suffrage~
Right to vote
Susan B. Anthony~
~Abolition, temperance, suffrage ~Led National Suffrage Association ~Revolution's motto ~Wrote the Susan B. Anthony 19th Amendment ~First American women on the US coin
Alice Paul~
~ ph. D. in political science ~ Organized suffrage parade in DC ~ Co-founded NWP ~ Pushed for a Constitutional Amendment ~ Arrested for peaceful protests ~ Wrote Equal Rights Amendment
19th Amendment~
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”
How did Teddy Roosevelt strength in the role of the president?
~ He believed that the president needs to be more actively involved in politics, the economy, and society in order to create a more fair society
~ “Square Deal”
In order to give all people fair treatment Roosevelt reforms in:
Consumer protection~
~ New laws in order to secure a fair prices and quality of products
In order to give all people fair treatment Roosevelt reforms in:
Conservation of natural resources~
~ As industry grew, land and resources were consumed more than ever before
~ TR believed the government is responsible for managing land and it’s own conservation
~ 1906 American Antiquities Act
In order to give all people fair treatment Roosevelt reforms in:
Control of corporations~
~ “Trustbusting”
~ TR was the first to enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act which forbid the formation of monopolies in big businesses- corporations would attempt to monopolize through the formation of trusts
~ Using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act TR broke up trusts and aggressively attacked large corporations specifically oil and railroads
Problems of the Gilded Age~
~Rich people had more power than the government had
~More people knew the rich business men than they knew the president
~Government wasn’t involved much in society
