Progressive Era

Question 0

What is the Pendleton act or civil service act?

Answer 0

Government jobs filled by qualified applicants

Question 1

What is boss Tweed?

Answer 1

• William Tweed, democratic political boss, who cheated New York City out of millions of dollars
• Exposed by cartoonist Thomas Nast
• Tweed and other city bosses were popular especially with poor immigrants
• Poor immigrants often voted for bosses and their political party in return for jobs, food, and loans
• Tammany Hall- corrupt political machine of the New York City, also a meeting place

Question 2

What was the Clayton antitrust act?

Answer 2

Stronger antitrust legislation to limit power of big business

Question 3

What was the federal reserve act?

Answer 3

Set up nationwide systems of federal banks; government could raise or lower interest rates and regulate the amount of money in circulation

Question 4

What was the Federal Trade Commission?

Answer 4

Power to investigate companies and order them to stop using business practices that destroyed all competitors

Question 5

Primary

Answer 5

Voters chose their party’s candidate instead of a party leaders as previously

Question 6

Initiative

Answer 6

Voters gain the right to put a bill before state legislator

Question 7

Referendum

Answer 7

Voters can vote on the bills directly; yes or no on a certain proposal

Question 8

Recall

Answer 8

Voters can remove elected officials from office

Question 9

Secret ballot

Answer 9

Voters choose candidates in private to eliminate bribing and other voter fraud

Question 10

What was the 16th amendment

Answer 10

Gave Congress the power to raise income taxes; graduated or progressive income tax

Question 11

What was the 17th amendment

Answer 11

Direct election of Senators instead of being chosen by state legislators

Question 12

What was the 18th amendment

Answer 12

Prohibition of alcohol

Question 13

What is school reform?

Answer 13

• laws requiring school attendance

- John Dewey-Progressive educator who encourage students to ask questions and work together

Question 14

What is the temperance crusade

Answer 14

Movement against the use of alcoholic beverages that began in early 1800s and gain strength by 1900, eventually leading to the prohibition of alcohol

Question 15

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 15

Progressive Republican who believed federal government should take an active role in Reform; moved away from laissez-faire

Question 16

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 16

• conservation of natural resources
• National parks
• consumer protection-supported meat inspection act and pure food and drug act
• trustbuster-wanted to control trusts, not brush them; wanted to differentiate between good and bad trusts
• square deal- everyone should have an equal opportunity to succeed
• Labor- 1st President to side with labor instead of business owners

Question 17

William Howard Taft- a progressive Republican

Answer 17

• broke up trusts

- supported graduated income tax

Question 18

Woodrow Wilson – a progressive Democrat who took office in 1913

Answer 18

New freedom – program to restore competition; persuaded Congress to create the Federal Trade Commission

Question 19

Gilded age

Answer 19

– Coined by Mark Twain
– Gilded – coated with a thin layer of gold paint
– Period between 1870s and 1890s when reformers tried to fight corruption
-rich getting richer and everything looked good on outside; wealth, but in reality many social, political and economic problems existed
– Public concern over power of “special interest “groups; bankers and industrialists, and political corruption

Question 20

Progressives

Answer 20

– Reformers who wanted to improve American life and regulate business for the public good; many of these problems were a result of the industrial revolution
– Wanted to eliminate unfair business practices, political corruption, sweatshops, child labor, etc.
– Progressives were tied to the belief that problems of society could be solved
– Progressives were mostly urban dwellers as opposed to the populists who are mostly farmers; but both were opposed to the laissez-faire attitude of the federal government

Question 21

Spoil system or patronage

Answer 21

Providing government jobs to political supporters who were usually not qualify for a position
– Solution to patronage – Pendleton act/civil service act created a civil service commission to give exams, civil service exam, for government jobs. This means getting a government job is now based on merit

Question 22

Interstate commerce act

Answer 22

Wall that forbade pools and rebates and set up interstate commerce commission or the ICC to regulate railroads

Question 23

Sherman antitrust act

Answer 23

Prohibited trusts from limiting competition

Question 24

Graduated income tax (progressive)

Answer 24

Taxes people from different income levels at different rates

Question 25

Meat inspection act

Answer 25

– Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions

Question 26

Your food and drug act

Answer 26

Required food and drug makers to list ingredients on their packages, ensure pure ingredients and discourage false advertising

Question 27

What is the 19th amendment

Answer 27

Woman gain the right to vote, suffrage, led by Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, feminist movement began at the Seneca Falls convention of 1848

Question 28

Muckrakers – people who rate the dirt/mock and expose it to public view

Answer 28

– Ida Tarbell – wrote for Mickler magazine exposing Rockefellers standard oil; unfair trade practices
Upton Sinclair – publish the jungle exposing meatpacking industry
– Jacob Rees – photographer who exposed tendon and factory conditions and wrote how the other half lives exposing poverty
– Lincoln Steffens – wrote shame of the cities exposing political corruption
– Jane Adams – open whole house, settlement in Chicago
– Thomas Nast – cartoonist too exposed William Marcy Tweed and created the “Tammany tiger”

Question 29

Triangle shirt waist factory 1911

Answer 29

Lead to improvements in safety for workers

Question 30

Brooker T Washington

Answer 30

Believed that improvement in education and economic situations for African-Americans, would eventually lead to the end of discrimination

Question 31

WEB Du Bois

Answer 31

Believed in an immediate and to discrimination by protesting unfair treatment

Question 32

The national Association for the advancement of colored people or the NAACP organization

Answer 32

Founded in 1909, bye Du Bois and other reformers to achieve equality for African-Americans