Progressive Era Flashcards
1
Q
the progressive era
A
1890-1920
2
Q
progressivism
A
study social probs scientifically promote moderate political changes and social improvements through govt move away from laizzes faire favor the working/common man generally middle class urban reformers missionary spirit crosses party lines
3
Q
muckrakers
A
progressive journalism that reveal the dirty realities of society
4
Q
Tarbell
A
rockefeller oil investigation
5
Q
upton st clair
A
“The Jungle”
meat packing
lack of consumer protection
6
Q
Lincoln Steffans
A
investigates municipal corruption
“The shame of the Cities”
7
Q
Frances Keller
A
study of unemployed
“Out of Work”
8
Q
David Graham Phillips
A
investigates corruption of senators
“Treason of the State”
increases vote for 17th amendment
9
Q
17th amendment
A
direct vote for senators
10
Q
legacy of progressive era
A
increase role of govt
lays groundwork for new deal
investigative journalism, activist groups, political lobbying
amendments 16, 17, 18, 19
11
Q
16th amendment
A
income tax= legal
12
Q
18th amendment
A
prohibition of alcohol
13
Q
19th amendment
A
women’s suffrage
14
Q
the elkins act
A
1903
railroad legislation that attacked rebates
published rates necessary
15
Q
hepburn act
A
1906
restricted railroads from giving out free passes to certain shippers
increases size of interstate commerce commission from 5-7 yeraas
brought common carries under ICC jurisdiction
16
Q
Lochner v NY
A
1905
supreme ct rules that NY law setting max working hours for bakers was unconstitutional
14th amendment= buy and sell labor= right
17
Q
Adkins vs Childrens Hospital
A
1918
supreme ct found law guaranteeing a minimum wage to women and children to be unconstitutional
18
Q
progressive effects on rep party
A
split them
some wanted social benefits and taxes-> modern day democrats
19
Q
hiram johnson
A
leader of progressive party
TR’s running mate
20
Q
Election of 1912
A
Taft, Wilson, and TR wilson won (progressive)
21
Q
electoral reform movement
A
17th amendment secret ballot (1910)
22
Q
referendum
A
allows voters to decide if a proposal measure should be passed
23
Q
initiative
A
votes can instruct legislature to consider a specific bill
24
Q
recall
A
votes can remove an official from office if they get enough signatures
25
direct primary
people elected candidates to run for office
26
herbert crawley
book inspire progressive political ideas (promise of american life)
27
municipal reform
government owned h20, electricity, and plumbing
28
purpose of govt.
serve citizens
protect citizens
social welfare
29
robert lafallete
progressive in congress
| pushing legislation through
30
progressive states
Ca, NY, NJ, WI, PN
31
IRL
said immigration caused crime, violence, poverty, etc
didnt want south nor eastern europeans
est. literacy bills (vetoed)
head tax on each immigrant coming in
32
eugenics
prevent immigrants from reproducing
| birth control
33
NAWSA
national american womens suffrage association
34
carry chapman cat
president of NAWSA
| lobbyist for 19th amendment (1920)
35
national womens party
equal rights amendment (never passed)
| 3 states short
36
alice paul
pushed equal rights amendment
37
national reclamation act
used to irrigate arid lands
promote agriculture
no unskilled laborers from asia allowed to work it
38
moral progressivism
use govt to solve ppl's problems
39
womens christian temperance Union
advocated reduction of alcohol consumption, founded education in school
40
anti saloon league
temperance movt associated with protestant ideal
41
effects of 18th amendment
rise in organized crime
undermined power of law
failed (more drunkenness)
42
volstead act
```
andrew volstead
natl prohibition act
1919
stated methods of prohibition
vetoed by wilson passed by congress
enforced 18th amendment
```
43
mann act
dealt with prostitution
| made it illegal
44
harrison narcotics act
1914
introduced special tax on all narcotics sale and use
did not limit use
45
john dewey and ed. reform
```
pioneered prog ed.
liberal arts
hands on projects
boyscouts
charter schools
```
46
american social hygiene association
womens movt to raise awareness of stds and prostitution
47
square deal
```
TR domestic program
conserve resources
control corporations
consumer protection
help middle class attack wealthy
```
48
trustbusting
TR forces railroad combination to break apart
| govt seeking to dissolve corp trusts and monopolies
49
clayton anti trust act
against monopolies, prevent anti competitive practices, help outlaw monopolies and trusts
50
federal reserve
protected a specific amounts of money to prevent bank panics
51
federal trade commission
against monopolies
under wilson
protect consumer
eliminate anticompetitive business
52
keating owen act
enacted by congress
| sought to address child labor by prohibiting sales of companies employing children
53
florence kelley
child labor activist and advocate
8 hour day
minimum wage
54
food and drug admin.
promoted pub health by regulating food safety tobacco and meds
55
tafts dollar diplomacy
improve financial opportunities for american business
use private capital to further US interests overseas
therefore US should create stability and order abroad that would best promote american commercial interests
56
investment in latin american
$1,648.7 million
57
wilsons moral diplomacy
US should be conscience of the world
spread democracy
promote peace
condemn colonialism
58
wilsons moral actions
gave puerto ricans am citizenship
| bill of rights extended to phillipians
59
supreme court during progressive era
used as a check
60
gilded age vs progressive era domestic policy
different
61
gilded age vs progressive era foreign policy
same
62
boxer rebellion
1900
anti western
send 5000 american troops as part of intl force
sphere of influence
63
open door policy
secretary john hay
give all nations equal trade in china
guaranteed that china would not be taken over by one country
64
japan
growing as an imperial poewr
65
treaty of pontsmoth
1905
russo japanese war
TR nobel peace prize
66
the great white fleet
1901
purely publicity
pursposeful show of force
67
gentlemanly agreement
jap note agreeing to deny passports to laborers entering US
| schoolboard of SF segregating asians in school
68
root takanira agreement
1908
| shows growing power of japan
69
lodge corollary and monroe doctrine
1912
senator henry cabot lodge sr
non europowers are excluded from owning territory in western hemisphere (ie japan)
70
panama
kings crown
71
clayton bulwer treaty
1850
pre civil war
already integrated
72
hay pauncefote treaty
1850
| britain cedes to america
73
phillippe bunau vanilla
agent for US
| corrupt
74
panamanian independence
rebellion is supported by US
75
Hay Bunau Vanilla Treaty
1903
| construction of Pan. Canal
76
construction
heavy handed nature
77
roosevelt corrollary to monroe doctrine
1905
exercise of intl police power
turns into invention/aggressive doc
contrasts monrow doc isolationist nature
78
ww1 roster
a million men needed, only 73000 volunteered
79
socialism during WW1
socialist meetings drew thousands of people
| 10 socialists elected for NY Legislation
80
Espionage Act
1917
used against dissenters (those who wrote and spoke out against the war)
900 ppl went to prison under it
up to 20 years in jail
81
American Protective League
1917
group aimed to catch dissenters
100,000 members
found 3 million cases of disloyalty
82
journalism during WW1
editorials condemning and attacking dissent
83
draft evasion
330,000 men classified as draft evaders
84
green corn rebellion
```
parade intended to march in washington
stopped before it started
common people (farmers-socialists)
```
85
parade in boston
march in boston against the war
86
post office during WW1
wouldnt send dissenting mail
87
US vs Spirit of 76
supreme court made movie illegal because it depicted britain (ally) as evil
88
conscientious objectors
65000 men declared- took office jobs
| harassed in army
89
Jeanette Rankin
first woman in congress
| declared herself opposed to the war
90
literature post WW1
johnny got his gun
anti war
condemned the war spirit of america
91
selection service act
```
draft
enrollment/consciption act
random selection
3/4 were drafted
several mil were supposed to register, but didnt
```
92
schenck v US
charles schenck arrested under the esp act
distributed leaflets denouncing war
was indicted, tried, and found guilty
"fire in theater"
93
oliver wendell holmes
found schenck guilty
| claimed that freedom of speech does not protect people who shout fire in a theater to create a panic
94
george creel
governments official propagandist for the war
| founded the CPI
95
CPI
committee on public info to persuade americans that the war was right
sponsored 75000 who gave 750000 4 minute speeches in 5000 cities
96
central powers
germany
austria hungary
ottoman empire (turkey)
97
allied powers
```
russia
england
france
serbia
USA
```
98
main cause of WW1
colonial competition
99
catalyst of WW1
assassination of archduke franz ferdinand by serb
| bosnia and serb team up
100
austria
demands and end to serbian support of slavic revolution in bosnia, serbia refuses
austria declares war on serbia
russia declares war on austria
101
germany
germany declares war on russia and serbia
102
russia
asks england and france for help
103
england and france
declare war on germany and austria
104
declaration of the rights of neutral nations
1909
any neu. nation has the right to trade any product with any other natural nation during a time of war
right to trade any non military products with nation during a time of war
right to arrange loans and financial agreements with any nation during time of war
a naval warship must stop ship and evacuate all passengers before sinking ship when attacking any non military ship
105
august 4th 1914
wilson declares US a neutral nation
106
irish americans and german americans
support central powers
107
other americans
support england bc of traditional ties of language heritage and customs
108
1914
germany invades france through neutral belgium
england sets up a total blockade of germany and major neutral european ports
england begins to increase trade with US
wilson order US marines to seize Veracruz to prevent german shipment of weapons to mex pres
109
1915
trench warfare develops- millions die
germany declares a war zone around the british islesin which submarines will operate freely
GB extends blockade, announcing it will seize vessels carrying good to or from germany
110
falaba
british ship is sunk in irish sea, one american drowns
111
gulflight
american tanker is sunk off english coast, two americans die
112
lusitania
british luxury liner is sunk off of ireland
128 americans die
germany warned americans not to travel on it via newspaper
113
arabic
british passenger line is sunk and two americans die
114
arabic pledge
german promise to sink no more passenger ships without a warning and without providing rescue for passengers
115
1916
germany violates arabic pledge by sinking the french sussex- 2 americans are injured
american trade increases with england
british troops put down irish easter rebellion so severely, many ams are outraged
wilsons wins reelection "he kept us out of war"
american troops sent after pancho villa when he fought a revolution meddling with us borderlands
116
us loan to allied powers
2.3 billion vs 27 mil to central powers
117
1917
germany announces that they will resume unrestricted submarine warfare
zimmermann telegram
tsar of russia overthrown
german submarines sink three american merchant ships in the north atlantic. 6 americans are killed
118
wilson declaration of war
asks congress for declaration
| april 2 1917
119
zimmermann telegram
message from german foreign secretary to german minister in mexico telling him to offer mexico an alliance and financial aid in case of war between US and germany, in return- mexico could recover texas, NM, and AZ
120
wilsons peace plan
```
january 22, 1917
peace without victory
self determination
limit on size of nations' army
no secret alliances
recognition of neutral nations' rights
league of nations
```
did not work
121
treaty of versailles war guilt clause
germany blamed for war, forced to pay billions in reparations and ordered to demilitarize
122
treaty of versailles new nations
```
austria
hungary
poland
yugoslavia
czechoslovakia
finland
estonia
lithuania
latvia
```
123
france- treaty of versailles
takes territories of alsace and lorraine (previously german controlled)
124
ottoman empire- treaty of versailles
lands are redistributed as a mandate or temporary colonies to allied powers
125
league of nations- treaty of versailles
each nation gets one vote
this body represents a mutual defense treaty, thus all members pledge to defend the territory and sovereignty of other members
fought against by senate (takes away right to declare war)
