Progressive Era Flashcards
Who segregation in the United States primarily aimed at?
Aimed mostly at African Americans
Segregation also applied to most non-white groups and some immigrant white groups.
When were American Indians granted citizenship in the United States?
1924
What legal case legalized Jim Crow laws?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What does ‘Separate but equal’ refer to?
Legal doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson
When were Jim Crow laws overturned?
1954
What aspects of life did Jim Crow laws affect?
Home, school, work, etc.
Characterized by unequal opportunities
What is lynching?
The murder of people by hanging, often by vigilantes
What was the purpose of lynching in the context of racial segregation?
To intimidate African Americans from asserting themselves (politically, socially)
Was lynching supported by law enforcement?
Sometimes
Who were the main figures responding to segregation during this period?
- Booker T. Washington
- W.E.B. Dubois
- Ida B. Wells
What was Booker T. Washington’s approach to racial equality?
Accept social segregation for now…but work for equality through vocational (job) education
What was W.E.B. Dubois’s stance on racial equality?
Believed in immediate full equal rights for African Americans
What organization did W.E.B. Dubois help found?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
What did Ida B. Wells focus on in her activism?
Brought attention to the act of lynching so the rest of America and the world knew what was happening
What were the main causes of the Progressive Movement?
- Industrialization that led to
- Child labor
- Low wages
- Unsafe work conditions
- Long hours
- Negative environmental impacts
What aspect of government regulations helped start the Progressive Movement?
That there was no government rules/regulations about workers or safety measures
The lack of government rules/regulations let to work being _____ and _____
- exploited
- treated/paid unfairly
What were strikes used for during the Progressive Movement?
To demand better working conditions and return to work when their conditions were met
What was the outcome of the Pullman Strike?
Workers earned better working conditions since railroad owners had no choice but to bring their skilled workers back
What was the Pullman Strike?
Railroads shut down and no trains could reach their destinations.
What was the Homestead Strike?
Steel mill strike - Andrew Carnegie refused to support labor unions. Employees refused to work, but Carnegie instead hired non-Union workers.
What was the outcome of the Homestead Strike?
workers returned to work accepting less pay and longer hours
What is a labor union?
Groups of workers supporting laws/lawmakers in order to create laws against inhumane working conditions
What was the most famous labor union during the Progressive Era?
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
What tragic event highlighted unsafe working conditions in factories?
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
What happened in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
A fire broke out in a textile mill, but all the doors were locked, and people got trapped inside. Elevators didn’t work properly, hoses rusted shut, and the fire escape collapsed
How many women died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
146
What did the Progressive Movement achieve in terms of labor?
- Improved safety conditions
- Reduced work hours
- Restrictions on child labor
- Formation of labor unions
What inventions were a result of the Progressive Movement?
Edison’s lightbulb and phonograph
- They changed how work could be done and paved the way for modern inventions of electric lights and sound recording.
Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone connected the nation faster than ever
What was the aim of the Temperance Movement?
To legally ban alcohol
Why did the Temperance Movement start?
Higher wages = higher disposable income = more spending on drinking
Men were ignoring responsibilities at home and leaving wives with little money to look after the families
What amendment banned the sale of alcohol in the United States?
18th Amendment
When was the 18th Amendment passed?
1919
What illegal activities arose during Prohibition?
- Moonshine production
- Speakeasies: places people still drank illegally
What was the outcome of the 18th Amendment
- Prohibition aimed to address issues of crime, domestic troubles (abuse), and unemployment.
- However, crime and corruption only seemed to grow and people making their own alcohol led to massive loss of life from drinking tainted alcohol
What was the outcome of the 21st Amendment?
It repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition
When was the 21st Amendment passed?
1933
What was the goal of the Women’s Suffrage Movement?
To gain the right to vote for women - gain more equality to men, especially in political matters
Who proposed the first women’s suffrage movement to Congress?
Susan B. Anthony - in 1878
What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton do?
Founded the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848
What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention?
First women’s rights conference
What document did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton write?
Declaration of Sentiments
What did the Declaration of Sentiments declare?
All men AND women were created equal
What tactics did Alice Paul use to advocate for women’s suffrage?
- Silent protests
- Hunger strikes
What march did Alice Paul lead?
famous march outside the White House with the Silent Sentinels received national attention
What did Lucy Burns do?
o Help found modern women’s rights organizations and protested alongside people like Alice Paul
What was the treatment of women who advocated for suffrage?
Faced beatings by police officers and force-feeding during hunger strikes
What did the 19th Amendment achieve?
Granted women the right to vote in 1920
