Progressive Era Flashcards
Who segregation in the United States primarily aimed at?
Aimed mostly at African Americans
Segregation also applied to most non-white groups and some immigrant white groups.
When were American Indians granted citizenship in the United States?
1924
What legal case legalized Jim Crow laws?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What does ‘Separate but equal’ refer to?
Legal doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson
When were Jim Crow laws overturned?
1954
What aspects of life did Jim Crow laws affect?
Home, school, work, etc.
Characterized by unequal opportunities
What is lynching?
The murder of people by hanging, often by vigilantes
What was the purpose of lynching in the context of racial segregation?
To intimidate African Americans from asserting themselves (politically, socially)
Was lynching supported by law enforcement?
Sometimes
Who were the main figures responding to segregation during this period?
- Booker T. Washington
- W.E.B. Dubois
- Ida B. Wells
What was Booker T. Washington’s approach to racial equality?
Accept social segregation for now…but work for equality through vocational (job) education
What was W.E.B. Dubois’s stance on racial equality?
Believed in immediate full equal rights for African Americans
What organization did W.E.B. Dubois help found?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
What did Ida B. Wells focus on in her activism?
Brought attention to the act of lynching so the rest of America and the world knew what was happening
What were the main causes of the Progressive Movement?
- Industrialization that led to
- Child labor
- Low wages
- Unsafe work conditions
- Long hours
- Negative environmental impacts
What aspect of government regulations helped start the Progressive Movement?
That there was no government rules/regulations about workers or safety measures
The lack of government rules/regulations let to work being _____ and _____
- exploited
- treated/paid unfairly
What were strikes used for during the Progressive Movement?
To demand better working conditions and return to work when their conditions were met
What was the outcome of the Pullman Strike?
Workers earned better working conditions since railroad owners had no choice but to bring their skilled workers back
What was the Pullman Strike?
Railroads shut down and no trains could reach their destinations.
What was the Homestead Strike?
Steel mill strike - Andrew Carnegie refused to support labor unions. Employees refused to work, but Carnegie instead hired non-Union workers.
What was the outcome of the Homestead Strike?
workers returned to work accepting less pay and longer hours
What is a labor union?
Groups of workers supporting laws/lawmakers in order to create laws against inhumane working conditions
What was the most famous labor union during the Progressive Era?
American Federation of Labor (AFL)