Progress Tests Flashcards
what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis; targets upper airways (epistaxis, nasal crusting, sinusitis, deafness), eyes (diplopia, proptosis, blindness), lungs (haemoptysis, nodules, infiltrates) and kidneys; strong association with c-ANCA positivity
Wegeners Granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis)
what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis; principal presentation is with palpable purpura over lower extremities, arthralgia and Raynaud’s phenomenon; may associate with hepatitis C viral infection and malignant B cell disease.
Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis
what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis that targets venules; main clinical presentation is with recurrent oral and genital ulcers, anterior or posterior uveitis, and skin lesions.
Behcets disease
what are first line prophylaxis agents for migraines
beta blockers or topiramate
what is the classification of hypovolaemic shock
Class 1 shock: Loss <15% blood volume (~750 ml)
Class 2 shock: Loss 15-30% blood volume (750 - 1500 ml)
Class 3 shock: Loss 30-40% blood volume (1500 - 2000 ml)
Class 4 shock: Loss >40% blood volume (>2000 ml)
what is a feature of chronic ischaemia
hair loss
what is a sign of an acute aortic dissection on chest Xray
enlarged aortic knuckle
what antihypertensive drugs cause erectile dysfunction
beta blockers
what movement is affected in achilles ruptures
plantarflexion
what is flumazenil
cure for benzodiazepine overdose
is alcohol a risk factor for breast cancer development
yes
what cells are affected in motor neurone disease
anterior horn cell
what cells are affected in multiple sclerosis
central myelinated axons
Tx for sigmoid volvulus in a patient that is not septic or hypercapnic
flatus tube insertion
what causes loss of power, pain and temperature sensation with preservation of proprioception and vibration sense
anterior spinal cord transection
What is Coeliacs disease associated with
subfertility
what should you do if you see a lytic lesion on an XR + why
CT CAP - most likely a bone met
what are poor prognostic indicators for pancreatitis
>55 WCC >15 PaO2 <8 serum LDH >600 Serum aspartate aminotransferase >200 serum albumin <32 hypocalcaemia glucose >10 serum urea >16
what should be done for knee OA before orthopaedic referral
regular analgesia, home exercises, steroid injections, physiotherapy
what should be done with a patient with OA that has rest pain on maximum conservative treatments
ortho referral for elective knee replacement
what are the radioopaque galstones made from
bile pigment
how long does amitriptyline take to work and what is recommended in the meantime
a few weeks so immediate release morphine may be a good bridge
what is the advice if a patient comes to primary care with delirium due to constipation
immediately refer to secondary care
What counts as delayed passage of meconium
> 24 hours
next steps if a child with a suspected UTI has positive urine dip
send urine for MCS
HTN Tx for >55 with ankle swelling
indapimide
what medication for BPH causes urinary retention
Donepezil
what is a common feature of ‘dry eye’
excessive tearing with symptoms worse at the end of the day
what causes sagging of an eyelid
entropions
what helps to distinguish between mild dementia and depressive pseudo-dementia
normal investigatory blood screen
what kind of limp is associated with perthes disease
painless
what causes delerium at therapeutic doses
oxybutynin
what is first line for sedation of delirium
low dose haloperidol
what condition can causes flaky dry skin around the eyes and nose and what is it called
tuberous sclerosis, adenoma sebaceaum
what is most likely in a woman with dysuria and a history of unprotected sex
chlamydia
how do you differentiate between gonorrhea and chlamydia as causes of acute PID
discharge
cause of a baby with progressive floppiness and recurrent severe respiratory infections
spinal muscular atrophy
hypotonia, feeding difficulty, tent shaped mouth, mild respiratory impairment,
mother has developmental delay and myopic facies
congenital myotonic dystrophy
factors that increase risk of suicide
access to firearms
delusional beliefs
hopelessness
psychomotor agitation
is epilepsy a risk for pre-eclampsia
no
midwife antenatal visits
10
where is the uterosacral ligament
Posterior to the uterus in a U shape
best imaging for intraocular foreign body
orbital CT
where in the brain are the earliest changes in alzheimers disease seen
temporal lobe
best advice to reduce risk of spina bifida
take prescribed high dose folic acid before conception
Tx for malignant spinal cord compression
Dexamethasone
what results are consistent with cranial diabetes insipidus
low urinary osmolality usually
increased serum osmolality after water deprivation for 8 hours
desmopressin administration = massive rise in urine osmolality
when is glucogel indicated in hypoglycaemia and what is indicated instead
when they cant swallow, ALWAYS GIVE ORAL GLUCOSE/FOOD IF POSSIBLE
first line medicine for PBC
Ursodeoxycholic acid
sign for achilles tendinitis
calcaneal tendon enlargement
test for meniscal tear
McMurray test
brown/rust coloured sputum organism in pneumonia
streptococcus
only medication that treats nausea and agitation
levopromazine
what scan should be done if there is an unprovoked DVT
CT abdo/pelvis for possible malignancy
where is de quervains tenosynvitis felt
radial aspect of wrist
best imaging modality for cervical spine fractures
CT scan neck
what causes intrinsic hand muscle wasting
T1 nerve lesions
what is the most common pathogen in leg cellulitis
strep pyogenes
histological findings consistent with small intestinal metaplasia
intestinal metaplasia
what investigation should be done for a non-functioning thyroid nodule
USS neck
what has to be done before doing a wells score/CTPA/D-dimers for ?PE
CXR
what is the initial tx of superior vena cava obstruction
Dexamethasone
what antidiabetic drugs should be omitted in a Type 2 diabetic treated medically in a minor surgery
gliclazide - metformin can continue
fluid requirements for adults with underlying cardiac disease
20-25ml/kg/day
best anasthesa for AP resection for low rectal carcinoma
epidural
what is a common trigger for vasovagal syncope
micturation
what CK levels are considered definite rhabdomyolysis
> 10,000 , <1000 isnt necessarily that
