programming (theres nothing PRO about it.)

Question 1

describe what is meant by ‘data type’

Answer 1

A classification that specifies the type of data a variable or constant can hold (e.g., integer, real, Boolean).

Question 2

what is an integer

Answer 2

a whole number, positive or negative

Question 3

what is a real number

Answer 3

a number with a decimal point

Question 4

what is boolean

Answer 4

a data type that represents true or false values

Question 5

what is a character

Answer 5

a single letter, digit or symbol

Question 6

what is a string

Answer 6

a sequence of characters

Question 7

what is a variable

Answer 7

a named location in memory that stores a value that can change in a program

Question 8

what is a constant

Answer 8

a names location in memory that stores a value that doesn’t change in a program

Question 9

what is iteration

Answer 9

the repetition of a block of code
e.g. for loops (definite) or while loops (indefinite)

Question 10

what is selection

Answer 10

making decisions in code using if, else if and else statements to execute specific code paths

Question 11

what is a subroutine

Answer 11

a reusable block of code that performs a specific task
eg functions or procedures

Question 12

what is count controlled iteration

Answer 12

A loop that repeats a set number of times
e.g
for i in range(5):

Question 13

what is a condition controlled iteration

Answer 13

a loop that repeats until a condition is met
e.g while x<10:

Question 14

what is a nested structure

Answer 14

code blocks inside other code blocks such as a loop inside another loop or an if inside a for

Question 15

why use meaningful identifiers

Answer 15

make code easier to understand by clearly describing the purpose of variances constants and subroutines

Question 16

how to accept keyboard input in python

Answer 16

name= input(“Enter your name: “)

Question 17

how to display output on the screen

Answer 17

print (“Hello, World!”)

Question 18

how to read from a text file

Answer 18

with open(“file.txt”, “r”) as file:
data = file.read()

Question 19

how to write a text file

Answer 19

with open(“file.txt”, “w”) as file:
file.write(“Hello!”)

Question 20

string operations: length

Answer 20

len(“Hello”) # Returns 5

Question 21

string operations: position

Answer 21

“Hello”.index(“1”) #returns e

Question 22

string operations: sub string

Answer 22

Returns “ell”

“hello” [1:4]

Question 23

string operations: concatenation

Answer 23

“Hello” + “ World” # Returns “Hello World”

Question 24

casting one data type to another

Answer 24

int(“5”) # Converts “5” to 5
str(10) # Converts 10 to “10”

Question 25

advantages of subroutines

Answer 25

avoid code repetition make program easier to read and maintain simplify debugging

Question 26

what is a parameter

Answer 26

a variable passed into a subroutine to provide input or receive output

Question 27

How to define and use a subroutine in Python? python Copy code

Answer 27

def greet(name): print(f"Hello, {name}!") greet("Alice")

Question 28

arithmetic operations in python

Answer 28

x + y # Addition x - y # Subtraction x * y # Multiplication x / y # Division

Question 29

relational operations

Answer 29

x < y, x > y, x == y, x != y

Question 30

logical operations

Answer 30

AND: True if both conditions are True. python True and False # Returns False OR: True if at least one condition is True. python True or False # Returns True NOT: Inverts the Boolean value. python not True # Returns False

Question 31

what is a data structure

Answer 31

a way of organising data for efficient access and modification (eg arrays, records)

Question 32

what is a one dimensional array

Answer 32

a list of items stored in a single row

Question 33

what is a two dimensional array

Answer 33

a table like structure where data is stored in rows and columns e.g., [[1, 2], [3, 4]].

Question 34

what is a record

Answer 34

a collection of fields, each holding a value, often representing a single entity

Question 35

use of records

Answer 35

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 16, "grade": "A"} print(student["name"]) # Outputs: Alice

Question 36

difference between global and local variables

Answer 36

global - accessible throughout the program local- accessible only within a specific subroutine or block

Question 37

what is a validation routine

Answer 37

code that checks used input meets certain criteria (e.g., not empty, within range).

Question 38

what is an authentication routine

Answer 38

code that verifies a users identity e.g., matching username and password.

Question 39

Types of test data

Answer 39

Normal: Typical inputs that should work. Boundary: Values at the edge of acceptable input. Erroneous: Invalid inputs to check error handling.

Question 40

low level vs high level languages

Answer 40

low level- closer to machine code, harder to read (eg assembly) high level- easier to read and write (eg python)

Question 41

what is an interpreter

Answer 41

translates and runs code line by line

Question 42

what is a compiler

Answer 42

translates the entire program into machine code before running

Question 43

what is an assembler

Answer 43

translates assembly language into machine code