Programming (Python) Flashcards
Define variable and identifier
Variable: Location in memory contains one or more data value
Identifier: Unique name given to variable, procedure, function, class or object
What are the 4 main datatypes
Integer: Whole numbers, including 0
Float: Number with a decimal point
Boolean: True or False
string: Text
What are the 7 operators
Addition (+) : Normal adding
Subtraction (-) : Normal subtracting
Multiplication (*): Normal multiplying
Division (/): Normal dividing
Indices (**): Powers
DIV (//): Integer division/quotient rounds down to nearest integer
MOD (%): Modulus also known as the remainder
What does variable.upper() do
Changes the variable to upper case
What does variable.lower() do
Changes the variable to lower case
What does variable.swapcase() do
Switches the cases for each letter
What does variable.capitalize() do
Capitalises the first letter
What does variable.title() do
Capitalises first character after every space
What does variable.strip(chars) do
Removes chars from the variable
What does variable.replace(old, new)
Replaces the old parts with new parts
What does len(variable) do
Returns number of characters in the variable
What does variable[index] do
Gives character in that index position
What does variable[start,end] do
Gives the characters in the range
Use for a f-string
Easy way to manipulate and print variables. Use the variables by putting it in curly brackets ‘{}’
Symbols for each relational operator
Equal to: ‘==’
Not equal to: ‘!=’
Less than: ‘<’
Greater than: ‘>’
Less than or equal to: ‘<=’
Greater than or equal to: ‘>=’
Purpose of a while loop
Continuous loop until the condition is met
Purpose of for loop
Loop for a given number of times
3 parameters of a for loop
(x,y,z)
x = Starting at 0
y = Ends before y
z = How much it increments
Define an array
Array store elements in a contiguous memory location so are static structures
Define a linked list
Less rigid and so are usually not stored in contiguous location meaning they are dynamic
What is a nested loop
A loop inside another loop
What are the 3 text file access modes
‘r’ : Read from a file. Needs a file
‘w’ : Write to a file and contents are overridden. Can create a file
‘a’ : Appends to a file adding new data. Creates a file
What is exception handling
When code is run if an error is found it will print a message without crashing the program
How is exception handling done in python
It will use the phrase
try:
except:
What is recursion
Where a function continuously calls itself in a function
What 3 characteristics must a recursive function have
A stop condition or base case
Stopping condition must be reached after a finite number of calls
All inputs other than stopping must call itself
Difference between function and a procedure
A function returns a value while a procedure does not
