Programming Planning + Practice Flashcards
Project Development Budget
- Site Acquisition and Purchase
- Construction (off-site, utilities to the property/on-site, 10%-20% of construction cost/Building costs)
- Professional Services (architects, engineers, consultants)
- Bids, permits, report fees
- Inspection & Testing
- Contingencies (5%-10%)
- Financing costs (interest, fees, insurance)
Cost estimating: Pre-planning/proposal phase
Rough prices are estimated using general unit costs (cost per SF, cost per suite, cost per person, cost per hospital bed)
Cost estimating: Programming phase
Based on unit cost system (cost per SF, using similar building types as guides)
Cost estimating: Schematic Design phase
Preliminary, still rough (estimates are based on pricing on major elements, such as structural system selected, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems used)
Cost estimating:Design development phase
Detail pricing based on actual components being considered including windows, curtain walls, finishes, and equipment
Cost estimating: Construction Documents phase
Complete and final pricing of the project fully and completely (based on direct quotes from the suppliers, installers, sub-contractors, and manufacturers. Can only be done once everything in the building has be specified.
General overhead
8-15% of total value of large firm
Project overhead
Any and all costs that can be charged to a job other than labor, materials, equipment. Typically 4-10% of construction cost
Pro forma
A financial analysis of the building project showing costs and return on investment. This report is typically done by the client at the beginning of the project to determine if the project will be profitable
General obligation bond
When a state or local government wants to raise money for a project, they issue this type of municipal bond.Shareholders (investors) are guaranteed to be repaid using future tax revenues.
Revenue bond
Municipal bond that is repaid to the shareholder by revenue collection of the project (such as tolls from a bridge). Revenue bonds offer higher interest rate.
Consultant fees
Mechanical: 15%
Electrical: 12%
Civil: 10%
Structural: 9-10%
Multiple salary expense
Staff’s salary is billed at a multiple
Direct personnel expense
Billed at staff’s salary and health benefits
Professional fee & expenses
Set fee/rates and expenses, traveling
Hourly
Staff is billed at an hourly rate
Stipulated Sum
Direct personnel expenses + expense chargeable to the project
Percentage cost
Fixed amount based on construction cost
Utilization ratio
Billable hours/total hours X 100
Royalty
Architect’s fees are paid after the project is complete based on each unit sold
General tax
Any tax imposed for general governmental purposes
Special tax
Any tax imposed for a specific purpose or by a single purpose authority
Public enterprise revenue bonds
Issued by cities or counties to finance facilities for revenue producing public enterprises. Bonds are paid off from revenues generated by the facility through the changes they impose. (Airports, parking garages, hospitals)
Tax increment financing
Pay for improvements based on increased taxes due to increased value of property. (Used for purchasing land, planning, and public works improvements to encourage private development)
Development impact fees
Costs charged to developers for off-site infrastructure improvements made necessary by new development (used for projects such as street improvements or or construction of wastewater treatment plants
Subdivision exactions
Requirements that developers either dedicate some land for public use or contribute cash for the purchase of land and facilities made necessary by local governments
Special district assessments (Business improvement districts)
These fees are used to fund public space improvements, like parks and streetscapes in order to enhance an area’s appeal and indirectly, it’s property values.
A Series Contracts
Owner + General Contractor Agreements
B Series Contracts
Owner + Architect Agreemments
C Series Contracts
Architect + Consultant Agreements
D Series Contracts
Architect Industry Documents
E Series Contracts
Digital File Management
G Series Contracts
Contract & Office Administration Forms
A201
General Conditions for Contract for Construction
B101
Standard form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect
B102
Owner and Architect Agreement without Predefined Scope of Architect’s Services (must be paired with B201, B202, or B203)
B201
Standard Form of Architect’s Services: Design and Construction Contract Administration
B202
Standard Form of Architect’s Services: Programming
B203
Standard Form of Architect’s Services: Site Evaluation and Planning
What are the 5 steps in the in the Programming Process?
- Owner describes project goals
- Collect data
- Develop programmatic concepts
- Reconcile list of spaces
- Define the problem
What was Christopher Wren’s plan for rebuilding London after the fire of 1666?
Main avenues linking major religious and commercial facilities superimposed on a gridiron plan, renaissance and baroque approaches
How did Camillo Sitte envision the planning of towns and cities?
In his book City Planning According to Artistic Principles published in 1889, cities should be laid out like medieval towns, with curving and irregular streets.
What is the Garden City concept and who developed it?
It was developed by Ebenezer Howard to combine the best of city and country living. He developed a diagram of concentric circles (from outside-in): agricultural belt, industry, park and grand avenue, housing & commercial, civic and cultural center
What city plan did Tony Garnier develop in 1917?
Cite Industrielle includes separate zones for residential, public, industrial, and agricultural use linked by separated circulation paths for vehicles and pedestrians
What planning concept did the city of Philadelphia represent?
Gridiron street system
What is the Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago?
Designed by Daniel Burnham, John Root, and Fredrick Law Olmstead. The exposition grouped classical buildings symmetrically around formal courts of honor, reflecting pools and large promenades
What is the new town concept?
An extension of an idea that entirely new communities can be built away from the crowding and ugliness of existing spaces
What planning philosophy was developed in Seaside, Florida by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyrbeck?
New urbanism is the development of neighborhoods intended for mixed-use, connection of neighborhoods and towns to regional circulation patterns while reducing automobile usage
What is the difference between Design-Build and Design-Bid-Build
In design-build (fast track phase), the owner contracts with a single entity where the contract for the architect and the contractor work together as one. Design-bid-build has 2 separate contracts between the architect and contractor (linear phase)
What is CM&R?
Construction management at risk. CM&R involves a construction manager who oversees an entire project management. The architect hired is under a separate contract.
Preservation
Retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair
Restoration
Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property’s history, while permitting removal of materials from other periods
Rehabilitation
Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials but gives more latitude to replacement
Reconstruction
Least historically accurate and allows the opportunity to re-create a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials
