programming fundamentals

Question 1

sequence

Answer 1

structuring code into a logical, sequential order

Question 2

selection

Answer 2

decision making using if statements

Question 3

iteration

Answer 3

repeating code using for or while loops

Question 4

what do the three constructs of programming do

Answer 4

control the flow of a program

Question 5

variable

Answer 5

• a location in the memory that is used to store data in programs
• they can be changed as the program runs

Question 6

what are the two parts of the variable

Answer 6

data value and identifier

Question 7

local variables

Answer 7

variables that are declared within a specific subroutine and can only be used within that subroutine

Question 8

global variables

Answer 8

can be used at any point within the whole program

Question 9

local variable advantages

Answer 9

• saves memory (only uses memory when needed)
• easier to debug (as can only be changed within the subroutine)
• can reuse subroutine with lv in other programs

Question 10

global variable advantages

Answer 10

• can be used anywhere
• makes maintenance easier as they are only declared once
• can be used for constants

Question 11

constants

Answer 11

a location in the memory that stores data and does not change value as the program is run e.g pi

Question 12

>

Answer 12

greater than

Question 13

<

Answer 13

less than

Question 14

> =

Answer 14

greater than or equal to

Question 15

<=

Answer 15

less than or equal to

Question 16

==

Answer 16

equal to

Question 17

!=

Answer 17

not equal to

Question 18

arithmetic operators

Answer 18

• add(+)
• subtract(-)
• multiply(*)
• divide(/)
• exponentiation(^)(**)

Question 19

modulo division/modulus

Answer 19

• MOD(%)
• outputs remainder from the last whole number

Question 20

integer division/quotient

Answer 20

• DIV(//)
• outputs whole number

Question 21

logical operators

Answer 21

• true or false
• and or not

Question 22

character

Answer 22

a data type e.g letter, number, punctuation symbol

Question 23

string

Answer 23

a sequence of characters e.g hello

Question 24

integer

Answer 24

whole number e.g 4

Question 25

real/float

Answer 25

decimal number e.g 4.5

Question 26

boolean

Answer 26

an answer that only has two values

Question 27

casting

Answer 27

converting the value of a variable from one data type to another

Question 28

array

Answer 28

a static data structure that can hold a fixed number of data elements (same data type)

Question 29

what is the index of the first element in an array

Answer 29

0

Question 30

traversing an array

Answer 30

scooby = [“velma”, “daphne”, “fred”]
for name in scooby:
print(name)

Question 31

inserting a value

Answer 31

array is fixed but you can change the value of elements that already exist by overwriting
e.g scooby[0] = “shaggy”

Question 32

deleting a value

Answer 32

can’t actually but can overwrite them as blank instead

Question 33

searching an array

Answer 33

for name in scooby:
if name == “fred”
print(name)

outputs freds name

Question 34

2D array

Answer 34

• table
• same data types
• row first then column
• e.g scooby = [[“scooby”, “brown”],
  [“shaggy”, “green”]]
  print(scooby[1][0])
  output = shaggy

Question 35

searching 2d array

Answer 35

for row in scooby:
for name in row:
if name == “scooby”:
print(row)

output = scooby, brown

Question 36

records

Answer 36

• can store data of different data types
• made up of information about one person or thing
• each piece of info in the record is called a field

Question 37

key field

Answer 37

• unique data that identifies each record
• field (each row name)