Programming (Flowcharts And Pseudocode)

Question 1

Describe what is meant by ‘data type’

Answer 1

The data type determines what type of value the variable will hold.

Question 2

Define ‘integer’, ‘real’, ‘Boolean’, ‘character’ and ‘string’ data types

Answer 2

Integer - used to store whole numbers - i.e. those without a decimal point.
Real/ Float - A number with a decimal point.
Boolean - True or False.
Character – A single letter, number, punctuation mark
String - Letters and numbers

Question 3

How to declare and assign constants and variables:

Question 4

Describe ‘iteration’

Answer 4

Iteration is when a program needs to repeat certain steps until told otherwise, or until a condition has been met. Iteration is also often referred to as looping, since the program ‘loops’ back to an earlier line of code. Sections of code that are iterated are called loops.Iteration enables programmers to greatly simplify a program. Instead of writing out the same lines of code again and
again, a programmer can write a section of code once, and ask the program to execute it again and again until it is no longer needed.

Question 5

Describe ‘selection’

Answer 5

Selection is a programming construct where a section of code is run only if a condition is met. In programming, there are occasions when a decision needs to be made. Selection is the process of making a decision. The result of the decision determines which path the program will take next.

Question 6

How to use definite (count controlled) iteration

Question 7

Explain definite (count-controlled) iteration

Answer 7

Count-controlled iteration repeatedly executes a section of code a fixed number of predetermined times. It uses the statements for and next to determine what code is repeatedly executed and how many times.

Question 8

How to use indefinite (condition controlled) iteration

Question 9

Explain indefinite (condition controlled) iteration

Answer 9

Condition-controlled iteration (also known as indefinite iteration) is when a set of instructions is repeated based on whether a condition evaluates as True or False . Types of condition-controlled iteration include while loops, do while loops, and repeat until loops.

Question 10

How to use nested structures:

Question 11

Explain nested structures:

Answer 11

Nesting occurs when one programming construct is included within another. Nesting allows for powerful, yet simple programming. It reduces the amount of code needed, while making it simple for a programmer to debug and edit. Different types of construct can be nested within another.

Question 12

Explain the need for meaningful identifiers

Answer 12

Choosing meaningful names for the variables , constants and subroutines makes it easier for the next person to work on the code to understand it. These names are called identifiers and they usually follow certain rules: They can contain letters and numbers but must start with a letter.

Question 13

How to write code that accepts keyboard input

Question 14

How to write code to display output on a screen

Question 15

How to write code to perform string operations ‘length’, ‘position’, ‘substring’ and ‘concatenation’

Question 16

How to write code to cast one data type as another

Question 17

How to write code to perform string operations ‘length’, ‘position’, ‘substring’ and ‘concatenation’

Question 18

How to write code that performs relational operations (combinations of less than, equal to, not equal to and greater than)

Question 19

How to write code that performs logical operations (AND, OR, NOT)