Programming Basics Flashcards
A sequence of statements
Program
A tool that runs a program’s statements
Interpreter
The act of carrying out each statements action
Run
A name that can hold a value
Variable
A specific action in a program
Statement
Shape used for an input statement
Parallelogram
Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in “Go #57!”
String Literal
Includes any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @, etc.)
Character
Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output
Cursor
A special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line
Newline
Outputting a variable’s value
Put x to output. No quotes surround variable x’s name
Text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing. Starts with //
Comment
Blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines
Whitespace
Developed in 1963 and uses 7 bits per code, and has codes for 128 characters
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding.
Pseudocode
Depicts a program graphically, with a node for each statement.
Flowchart
An integer variable’s initial value
0
Type of language that the variable is known at compile-time instead of at run-time.
Statically Typed
Examples of statically typed languages
Java, C, C++, FORTRAN, Pascal and Scala
A class ofhigh-level programming languages, which atruntimeexecute many common programming behaviours that static programming languages perform duringcompilation.
Dynamically Typed Languages
Examples of Dynamically Typed Languages
JavaScript,Python,Ruby,PHP,LuaandPerl
A computer language that uses tags to define elements within a document.
Markup Languages (BBC, HTML, SGML, and XML)
Language that is coded by a human, then that source code translates into assembly language so that the target program runs and returns a desired result
Compiled Language
Language that is compiled in real time when it’s run, and it often uses simpler and more human-friendly syntax for coding
Interpreted Language
Conditional statement that continually runs if the statement returns true; if false will end or jump to the next statement
While Loop
Enables a particular set of conditions to be executed repeatedly until a condition is satisfied
For Loop
Statement that executes a block of code at least once, and then either repeatedly executes the block, or stops executing it, depending on a given boolean condition at the end of the block
Do-While Loop
