Programming

Question 1

map()

Answer 1

map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)
Re-maps a number from one range to another. A value of “fromLow” gets mapped to “toLow” and a value of “fromHigh” gets mapped to “toHigh”. Ex) an analog value to 8 bits (go from range 0 to 255 to range 0 to 1023)

Question 2

analogReadResolution()
analogWriteResolution()

Answer 2

analogReadResolution(bits)
In some arduino boards (like MKR) the default read resolution is 10 bits but has capabilities of up to 12 bits. (write default is 8 bits but can go up to 12) You can set the resolution you want by choosing the argument (bits). (you might be able to do it in uno, havent tried)

Question 3

noTone()

Answer 3

noTone(pin)
Stops the generation of a square wave triggered by tone(). Has no effect if the tone hasnt been generated.
(if you want to have different tones on multiple pins, you might have to call noTone() on one pin before calling tone() on the next)

Question 4

pulseIn()

Answer 4

pulseIn(pin, value, timeout)
timeout is optional, default is one second.
Reads a pulse (either HIGH or LOW) on a pin. If value is HIGH, the method waits for the pin to go from low to high, starts timing, then wait for the pin to go to low and stops timing. Returns the length of the pulse in microseconds or returns 0 if no complete pulse was received within the timeout

Question 5

shiftIn()
shiftOut()

Answer 5

idk

Question 6

tone()

Answer 6

tone(pin, frequency, duration)
duration is optional, otherwise until noTone() is called.
Generates a square wave of the specifies freq. (and 50% duty cycle)

Question 7

different delays (pauses in the program)

Answer 7

delay(ms)
delayMicroseconds(us)

Question 8

micros()
millis()

Answer 8

time passed since the arduino board began running the current program.
micros() resolution of a few microseconds. Goes back to 0 after 70 minutes
millis() resolution of milliseconds. Goes back to 0 after 50 days

Question 9

constrain()

Answer 9

constrain(x, a, b)
constrains a number to be within a range.
x is the number to constrain. If x is between a and b, then x is returned. If its below a, a is returned. If its above b, b is returned.
Dont have operations inside (), it can yield incorrect results. Only values.

Question 10

max()
min()

Answer 10

max(x, y)
min(x, y)
returns the larger or the lower of the two numbers

Question 11

sq()

Answer 11

the number to the power of 2

Question 12

isAlpha()

Answer 12

isAlpha(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a letter.

Question 13

isAlphaNumeric()

Answer 13

isAlphaNumeric(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a letter or a number

Question 14

isAscii()

Answer 14

isAscii(thisChar)
Checks if the char is an ASCII character

Question 15

isControl()

Answer 15

isControl(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a control letter

Question 16

isDigit()

Answer 16

isDigit(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a number

Question 17

isGraph()
isPrintable()

Answer 17

isGraph(thisChar)
Checks if the char is printable with some content. Dont know the difference between the 2 methods

Question 18

isHexadecimalDigit()

Answer 18

isHexadecimalDigit(thisChar)
Checks if the char is an hexadecimal digit (A-F, 0-9)

Question 19

isLowerCase()
isUpperCase()

Answer 19

isLowerCase(thisChar)

Question 20

isPunct()

Answer 20

isPunct(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a punctuation (so comma, semicolon, exclamation mark etc)

Question 21

isSpace()
isWhitespace()

Answer 21

isSpace(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a space, newline, vertical tab etc
isWhitespace(thisChar)
Checks if the char is a space character

Question 22

random()

Answer 22

random(max)
random(min, max)
returns a number between min and max-1

Question 23

randomSeed()

Answer 23

randomSeed(seed)
seed is a non-zero value (coz 0 is default)
initializes the random number generator. Its always the same. Use seed = analogRead() on an unconnected pin for a random number seed. Use this method in the setup method.

Question 24

bit()

Answer 24

bit(n)
computes the value of the specified bit???

Question 25

bitClear()

Answer 25

?? sets a 0 to a value

Question 26

bitRead()

Answer 26

bitRead(x, n)
Reads a bit of a number. x is the number from which to read, n is which bit to read, starting at 0 for the least-significant (rightmost) bit.

Question 27

bitSet()

Answer 27

?? sets a 1 to a value

Question 28

bitWrite()

Answer 28

?? writes a bit to a value

Question 29

highByte()

Answer 29

kjdf

Question 30

lowByte()

Answer 30

kjsd

Question 31

How do you program PWM

Answer 31

If connected to the PWM pins, you can write analogWrite(pin, value). The value is responsible for the PWM. It represents the duty cycle. Value = 255 x (Desired Voltage / 5 [V])

Question 32

What library do you always need to include when using I2C?

Answer 32

Wire

Question 33

How do you program using I2C?

Answer 33

You initialize the protocol with Wire.begin() in the setup method.

Question 34

How do libraries work? And where can you find them?

Answer 34

They include a header file .h and a source file .cpp and these files contain the library code. The list of the methods and how to use the library is in the README.md. There might be a file with examples as well. When including the library in the sketch, write #include <library_name.h> You can find them in the arduino program or at github</library_name.h>