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AVDC Flash Cards > Profitt Orthodontics > Flashcards

Profitt Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the force applied to the teeth by the lips?

A

5gm

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2
Q

What is the force applied to the teeth by the tongue?

A

5-10 gm

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3
Q

What is undermining resorption?

A

Heavy forces leads to rapidly developing pain, necrosis of the cellular elements with the PDL

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4
Q

What is frontal resorption?

A

Light forces are compatible with cell survival within the PDL and a remodeling of the tooth socket by relatively painless resorption

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5
Q

Do you want undermining or frontal resorption with orthodontic movement?

A

Frontal resorption

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6
Q

Name the two major theories of orthodontic movement.

Which one is the correct theory?

A
  1. Bioelectric theory
  2. Pressure-tension theory

Both MOA play a part in biologic control of tooth movement

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7
Q

What is the bioelectric theory of orthodontic movement?

A

Relates tooth movement at least in part to changes in bone metabolism controlled by the electric signals that are produced when alveolar bone flexes and bends

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8
Q

What is the pressure-tension theory of orthodontic movement?

A

relates to tooth movement to cellular changes produced by chemical messengers, traditionally thought to be generative by alterations in blood flow through the PDL

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9
Q

Describe the piezoelectricity with tooth movement

A

Deformation of the crystal structure produce a flow of electric current as electrons are displaced from one part of the crystal lattice to another

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10
Q

With the pressure-tension theory, blood flow is (decreased/increased) where the PDL is compressed.

A

Blood flow is decreased where the PDL is compressed

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11
Q

With the pressure-tension theory, blood flow is (decreased/increased) where the PDL is under tension?

A

The blood flow is either maintained or increased where the PDL is under tension

(if over stretched, then blood flow will decrease transiently)

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12
Q

Tooth movement shows three stages:

A
  1. Alteration in blood flow associated with pressure within the PDL
  2. Formation and/or release of chemical messengers
  3. Activation of cells
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13
Q

What two messengers play a role in tooth movement?

A

Prostaglandin E and IL-1

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14
Q

What cells work on bone adjacent to the compressed PDL?

A

Osteoclasts

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15
Q

What cells work on bone adjacent to the tension side of the PDL?

A

Osteoblasts for bony remodeling

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16
Q

Prostaglandin E stimulates (osteoblast/osteoclast)

A

Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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17
Q

What is hyalinized in reference to PDL?

A

Represents the inevitable loss of all cells when the blood supply is totally cut off (occurs before undermining resorption)

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18
Q

Undermining resorption (delays/quickness) tooth movement

A

Undermining resorption delays tooth movement

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19
Q

What is the simplest form of orthodontic movement?

A

Tipping - when a single force is applied against the crown of a tooth

20
Q

What are the different forms of orthodontic movement?

A
  1. Tipping
  2. Bodily movement (translation)
  3. Root uprighting (radicular)
  4. Rotation
  5. Extrusion
  6. Intrusion
21
Q

What are the optimal forces for orthodontic movement of:

  1. Tipping
  2. Bodily movement (translation)
  3. Root uprighting
  4. Rotation
  5. Extrusion
  6. Intrusion
A
22
Q

With tipping where:

a. is the center of resistance
b. is the PDL compressed

A

Center of resistance is located ½ way down the root

PDL is compressed near the root apex on the same side as the spring and at the crest of the alveolar bone on the opposite from the spring

DO NOT excess force of ~50gm

23
Q

How does bodily movement (translation) occur?

A

Two forces are applied simultaneously to the crown of a tooth (i.e. apex and crown move in the same direction the same amount)

TWICE as much of the force needed for tipping is needed for translation

24
Q

Why are the forces for rotation about the same as needed for tipping?

A

It is impossible to apply a rotational force without tipping so forces are the same

25
Q

What is special about extrusion?

A

There is no PDL compression.

There is ONLY tension on PDL

Same force as for tipping

26
Q

What is special about intrusion?

A

Light forces ONLY to avoid high concentration of force at the apex

27
Q

What is the order of easiest to hardest orthodontic movement?

A

extrusion, tipping, radicular, rotation, translation, intrusion.

28
Q

What is the threshold for force duration in human orthodontic movement?

A

4-8 hours

29
Q

Define Continuous force

A

Force maintained at some appreciable fraction of the original form one patient visit to the next

30
Q

Define Interrupted force

A

Force levels decline to zero between activations

31
Q

Define Intermittent Force

A

Force levels decline abruptly to zero intermittently

(use of a retainer or incline plane, elastics)

32
Q

How long does undermining resorption require?

A

7-14 days

33
Q

A, B, C, represent what?

(Ideal spring; Interrupted force; Intermittent force)

A

A: Ideal spring

B: Interrupted force

C: Intermittent force

34
Q

What two drugs depress the response of orthodontic force?

A

Bisphosphonates - inhibit osteoclastic mediated bone resorption

Prostaglandin Inhibitors (steroids and NSAIDs, etc)

-Ibuprofen, aspirin have little/no effect on tooth movement at certain doses

35
Q

Define Reciprocal Tooth Movement

A

Forces applied to teeth and to the arch segment are equal and so is the force distribution in the PDL

36
Q

What is Reinforced Anchorage

A

Anchorage of the posterior teeth, to retract an anterior tooth/teeth

Changes the ratio of the root surface area so more pressure in the PDL of the anterior teeth

37
Q

What is stationary anchorage?

A

Less descriptive term than reinforce anchorage; advantage that can be obtained by pitting bodily movement of one group of teeth against tipping of another

38
Q

What is anchorage value of a tooth?

A

Is roughly equivalent to its root surface area

39
Q

What is cortical Anchorage?

A

Cortical bone is more resistant to resorption and tooth movement slows when it contacts it.

Not usually used technique because teeth move along cortical bone (unless there is an old healed extraction site)

40
Q

What is Skeletal (Absolute) Anchorage?

A

Using a bone implant with no tooth movement except what was desired

41
Q

Short term and/or Chronic use of prostaglandin inhibitors can inhibit tooth movement?

A

Short term with a modest dose over 3-4 days does not inhibit tooth movement.

Chronic use of PG inhibitors can inhibit tooth movement

42
Q

What effect does orthodontic movement have on the pulp?

A

With light force, there is little if any effect on the pulp

With heavy forces (poor control of ortho movement) the tooth can lose its vitality

43
Q

Does the tooth root remodel with orthodontic movement?

A

Yes, cementum is removed and replaced with movement. It is a constant feature of orthodontic movement

44
Q

What are three distinct forms of shortening of tooth roots when etiology is resorption?

A
  1. Moderate Generalized Resorption (occurs with longer duration of treatment)
  2. Severe Generalized Resorption (rare)
  3. Severe Localized Resorption (can be common with excessive force)
45
Q

What are the effects of treatment on the height of alveolar bone?

A

Excessive loss of crestal bone height is almost never seen with orthodontic treatment

(loss of <0.5mm may occur)

AVDC Flash Cards (3 decks)

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