Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Academic German > Profiency Exam > Flashcards

Profiency Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
German Verbs flashcards
1
Q

I

A

ich / mich / mir / meiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

You

A

du / dich / dir / deiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He

A

er / ihn / ihm / seiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

She

A

sie / sie / ihr / ihrer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It

A

es / es / ihm / seiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

We

A

wir / uns / uns / unserer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

You (pl.)

A

ihr / euch / euch / eurer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

They

A

sie / sie / ihnen / ihrer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

You (formal)

A

Sie / Sie / Ihnen / Ihrer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dative prepositions

A

Used for time and location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Accusative prepositions

A

Used for directionality and motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Verb infinitives used as nouns

A

Always neuter; English gerund (verb + ing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Comparative + als

A

… than …

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Immer + comparative

A

repeat the comparative in the sense of progression (e.g. immer wider: again and again)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Je + comparative … desto / je / umso + comparative

A

comparative dependent and main clause (“je” marks the independent variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gern + verb

A

to like to do something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gern with haben + person / thing

A

to like [person / thing]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Future tense

A

werden + infinitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Future perfect tense

A

werden (finite verb) + [participle + haben / sein]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Selbst / selber after noun or pronoun

A

emphasis function; translate as personal pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Selbst before noun or pronoun

A

even + noun / pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Passive voice

A

werden + past participle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Present and past perfect in passive voice

A

sein (finite verb) + past participle + worden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Future tense in passive voice

A

werden (finite verb) + past participle + werden (infinitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Modal in passive voice

A

modal (finite verb) + past participle + werden (infinitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sondern / vielmehr

A

but rather (follows a negative to propose an alternative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dependent clause

A

subject and verb forming an incomplete thought; introduced by subordinating conjunction with the conjugated verb moved to the end of the clause; always set off by commas

28
Q

Während

A

subordinating conjunction: “while”
genitive preposition: “during”

29
Q

Wenn auch (in any order)

A

even if / even when / even though

29
Q

Indem

A

subordinating conjunction: “while” / “in the process” / “by [verb] + ing”

29
Q

Da

A

subordinating conjunction: “since” / “because”
adverb: “there” (location) / “then” (time)

30
Q

Damit

A

subordinating conjunction: “so that”
adverbial preposition: “as a result of that”

31
Q

Reflexive constructions where subject is an inanimate object

A

substitute for passive voice

32
Q

Reflexive construction with “lassen,” an inanimate object or idea as subject, and no object

A

passive voice: “can be / could be / is able to be [verb]”

33
Q

Reflexive construction with “lassen,” subject, and object

A

“to have (something) done (by someone for oneself)”

34
Q

Relative clauses

A

always set off by commas; verbs moved to the end
- nominative: followed by verb that agrees in number and gender
- accusative: often another subject is introduced
- dative: often paired with a preposition
- genitive: often paired with another noun that is the possession of the antecedent

35
Q

Was (relative pronoun)

A
  1. for neuter entities in generalized sense (alles, vieles, nicht, etwas, etc.)
  2. for neuter superlatives used as a noun
  3. for an unspecified antecedent (what)
  4. for whole sentence as antecedent (something, the fact that…)
36
Q

Perfect tense with modal verbs

A

haben (finite verb) … verb infinitive + modal infinitive (where the modal infinitive functions as the past participle)

37
Q

Dürfen

A

Objective: may
Subjective: cannot (negative only; sense of disbelief)

38
Q

Können

A

Objective: to be able to
Subjective: fairly certain assumption

39
Q

Mögen

A

Objective: like (preference)
Subjective: may, could (uncertainty; possibility)

40
Q

Müssen

A

Objective: must, have to (compulsion)
Subjective: must (evidence-based conclusion)

41
Q

Sollen

A

Objective: should / shalt (moral duty)
Subjective: supposed to, said to (common assumption)

42
Q

Wollen

A

Objective: want (wish; intention)
Subjective: claim to (purported)

43
Q

“Dessen” and “deren” as demonstrative adjectives

A

used in combination with another noun to refer to possession by the last-mentioned noun (translate as possessive pronouns)

44
Q

Dies- and jen-

A

“this and that …”; “dies” as a substitute for an entire clause or unspecified antecedent; “dieser… jener…” can mean “the former… the latter…”

45
Q

Der-word + jenige

A

“the …”; often followed by relative clause to specify the relevance of the demonstrative pronoun

46
Q

Der-word + selbe

A

“the same…”

47
Q

“Wer” as demonstrative pronoun

A

he who… / whoever… / anyone who…

48
Q

“Was” as demonstrative pronoun

A

what… / whatever … / that which …

49
Q

Verb + “wir” (in verb-first constructions)

A

let us…

50
Q

“um … zu” construction

A

in order to (purpose, consequence, or effect of the main clause)

51
Q

“ohne … zu” construction

A

without … [verb] -ing

52
Q

“(An)staat….zu” construction

A

instead of [verb] -ing

53
Q

Ist / war + zu + inifinitive

A

can be / could be / must be / had to be / should be / is to be + participle

54
Q

Dabei

A

in the process

55
Q

Dagegen

A

on the other hand / however

56
Q

Daher

A

therefore / for that reason

57
Q

Damit

A

so that / in order that

58
Q

Darauf

A

thereupon / after that

59
Q

Dazu

A

in addition

60
Q

Hier-compounds

A

preposition + “this”

61
Q

Wenn nur

A

if only

62
Q

Als ob / als wenn

A

as if / as though

63
Q

Present subjunctive I

A

translate in the same tense as the introductory statement

64
Q

Past subjunctive I

A

translate in the tense before that of the introductory statement (unless the reported discourse remains regarded as true)

Academic German (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions