proficiency exam Flashcards
1
Q
vancomycin pharm class____
A
glycopeptide
2
Q
vancomycin use___
A
c Dif, endocarditis, enterocolitis, staphyloccal, streptococcal
3
Q
vancomycin adverse effects__
A
hypokalemia, abdominal pain, nausea, nephrotoxicity
4
Q
vancomycin monitoring parameters___
A
renal function tests, CBC
5
Q
vancomycin MOA___
A
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization
6
Q
famotidine pharm class___
A
histamine H2 antagonist
7
Q
famotidine use ___
A
GERD, heartburn, aspiration prophylaxis, stress ulcer prophylaxis
8
Q
famotidine AE____
A
agitation
9
Q
famotidine MP____
A
CBC, gastric pH, occult blood
10
Q
famotidine MOA___
A
inhibition of histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion
11
Q
prednisolone pharm class__
A
adrenal corticosteroid
12
Q
prednisolone use___
A
anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant
13
Q
prednisolone AE___
A
osteoporosis (fracture)
14
Q
prednisolone MP___
A
BP, wt, electrolytes, glucose, intraocular pressure, suppresses immune system
15
Q
prednisolone MOA___
A
decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; reducing activity & volume of lymphatic system
16
Q
piperacillin & tazobactam pharm class___
A
antibiotic, penicillin
17
Q
piperacillin & tazobactam use___
A
intraabdominal/pelvic/skin infections, pneumonia.
bite wound/bloodstream/UT infection, cystic fibrosis, septic shock
18
Q
piperacillin & tazobactam AE___
A
diarrhea
19
Q
piperacillin & tazobactam MP___
A
creatinine, BUN, CBC w/differential, PT PTT, electrolytes, LFTs, urinalysis, bleeding, anaphylaxis, CNS
20
Q
piperacillin & tazobactam MOA___
A
inhibits cell wall synthesis
21
Q
pancrelipase pharm class___
A
enzyme
22
Q
pancrelipase use___
A
pancreatic insufficiency (exocrine), occluded enteral feeding tubes
23
Q
pancrelipase AE___
A
h/a, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, streptococcal infection, neck pain, otalgia, nasal congestion
24
Q
pancrelipase MP___
A
abdominal symptoms, nutritional, wt, growth (in children), stool character, fecal fat
25
pancrelipase MOA___
natural product harvested from porcine pancreatic glands dissolve in more basic pH of the duodenum so they may act locally
26
nystatin pharm class___
anti fungal agent
27
nystatin use___
(oral) candidiasis
(topical) candida species
peritoneal dialysis-associated infection
28
nystatin AE___
diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, vomiting
29
nystatin MOA___
binds to sterols in fungal cell membrane, changing the cell wall permeability allowing for leakage of cellular contents
30
morphine pharm class___
opioid analgesic
31
morphine use___
pain management
critically ill (analgesia/sedation)
dyspnea
32
morphine AE___
constipation, respiratory depression
pruritus-itchy skin
33
morphine MP___
pain control, respiratory/mental status, BP, signs of misuse or abuse, addiction, s/s hypogonadism or hypoadrenalism
34
morphine MOA___
binds to opioid receptors in CNS
35
montelukast pharm class___
leukotriene receptor antagonist
36
montelukast use___
allergic rhinitis, asthma (maintenance), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,
-aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, hypersensitivity reaction
37
montelukast AE___
nervous system disorders, psychiatric/sleep disturbances
38
montelukast MP___
neuropsychiatric events, suicidal thinking/behavior
39
montelukast MOA___
selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
40
midazolam pc___
Antiseizure Agent, Benzodiazepine
41
midazolam use___
General anesthesia, Mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU, sedation, Procedural sedation, outside the operating room, Seizures, intermittent, Status epilepticus: Seizalam
42
midazolam AE___
Vomiting, apnea, bradypnea, decreased tidal volume, nasal discomfort
43
midazolam MP___
level of sedation, RR, HR, PB, O2 sat, s/s resp depression
44
midazolam MOA___
Binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites within the central nervous system, including the limbic system and reticular formation
45
mesalamine PC___
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivate
46
mesalamine USE___
Oral ulcerative colitis in adults. (remission and active)
47
mesalamine AE___
abdominal pain, constipation, eructation, h/a, Nasopharyngitis
48
mesalamine MP___
renal function, CBC, hepatic function, dermatological toxicity, s/s of acute intolerance syndrome
49
mesalamine MOA___
mesalamine modulates local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response, especially leukotrienes, and is also postulated to be a free radical scavenger or an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
50
levetiracetam PC___
antiseizure agent, misc.
51
levetiracetam USE___
Focal (partial) seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
52
levetiracetam AE___
increased BP, vomiting, infection, behavioral problems, drowsiness, fatigue, h/a, irritability, psychotic symptoms, asthenia, nasopharyngitis,
53
levetiracetam MP___
CNS depression, psychiatric behaviors, diastolic BP in kids 1 month to <4 yrs, CBC
54
levetiracetam MOA___
inhibition of voltage-dependent N-type calcium channels; facilitation of GABA-ergic inhibitory transmission through displacement of negative modulators
55
ketorolac PC__
analgesic, nonopioid, NSAID
56
ketorolac USE___
pain management, acute: short term < 5 days
57
ketorolac AE___
abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, increased liver enzymes, headache
58
ketorolac MOA___
Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2) enzymes, which results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors
59
ketorolac MP___
response (pain), inflammation, weight gain, edema, renal function, creatinine, BUN, urine output, CBC, platelets, liver function test, chemistry profile, BP, observe for bleeding, mental status.
60
ketamine PC___
NMDA receptor antagonist; general anesthetic
61
ketamine USE___
Anesthesia, depression, pain control,
62
ketamine AE___
laryngospasm, increased HR, increased BP, cardiac arrythmia, decreased BP, decreased HR (cardiac decompensation), drug dependence, withdrawal syndrome, Prolonged emergence from anesthesia, hallucinations, delirium, dysuria, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, hematuria, nocturia, cystitis, hydronephrosis, bladder dysfunction, respiratory depression, apnea
63
ketamine MP___
HR, BP, RR, O2 sat, cardiac function, LFT’s, alkaline phosphate, gamma glutamyl transferase
64
ketamine MOA___
Produces a cataleptic-like state in which the patient is dissociated from the surrounding environment by direct action on the cortex and limbic system
65
Acetylcysteine PC___
mucolytics; L-cysteine derivatives
66
Acetylcysteine USE___
Acetaminophen overdose, viscid/thickened mucus,
67
Acetylcysteine AE___
Autoimmune disease, Anaphylactoid reaction, bronchospasm, fever, drowsiness
68
acetylcysteine MP___
anaphylaxis, serum acetaminophen, AST, ALT, bilirubin, PT, INR, serum creatinine, BUN, serum glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and electrolytes. N/V, skin rash
69
acetylcysteine MOA___
Acetaminophen overdose: Acetylcysteine acts as a hepatoprotective agent by restoring hepatic glutathione, serving as a glutathione substitute, and enhancing the nontoxic sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen.
Mucolytic: Exerts mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group which opens up the disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins thus lowering mucous viscosity.
70
acyclovir PC___
nucleosides and nucleotides
71
acyclovir USE___
Herpes simple virus (HSV), Herpes zoster (shingles), Varicella (chickenpox)
72
acyclovir AE___
decreased hemoglobin, decreased in absolute neutrophil count, malaise
73
acyclovir MP___
Hydration status, urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine, urine output, liver enzymes, CBC, s/s of neurotoxicity, neutrophil count at least twice a weekly in neonates receiving 60mg/kg/day IV. Monitor infusion site
74
acyclovir MOA___
Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA
75
albuterol (salbutamol) PC___
adrenergic beta-2 agonists
76
albuterol (salbutamol) USE___
Bronchospasms, exercised-induced bronchospasms; hyperkalemia treatment
77
albuterol (salbutamol) AE___
excitement, tremor, nervousness, bronchospasm, exacerbation of asthma, pharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection
78
albuterol (salbutamol) MP___
FEV1, peak flow, BP, HR, serum glucose, serum K+, serum creatinine, arterial or capillary blood gases, lactate, continuous EKG
79
albuterol (salbutamol) MOA___
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta2-receptors with little effect on heart rate
80
amoxicillin PC___
aminopenicillins
81
amoxicillin USE___
Ear, nose, throat infection,
lower resp infection, Helicobacter pylori eradication, UTI, Rhinosinusitis, acute bacterial, skin and skin structure infections
82
amoxicillin AE___
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, Clostridioides difficile diarrhea/colitis, h/a, vulvovaginal infection
83
amoxicillin MP___
renal, hepatic, and hematological function, s/s of anaphylaxis
84
amoxicillin MOA__
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
85
ampicillin PC___
aminopenicillins
86
ampicillin USE___
GI Tract infections, GU tract infections, respiratory tract infecrtions, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, meningitis, bacterial
87
ampicillin AE___
brain disease (pcn-induced), glossalgia, seizure, sore mouth, erythema multiforme, exforliative, skin rash, urticaria
88
ampicillin MP___
renal, hepatic, and hematological function, s/s of anaphalaxis
89
ampicillin MOA___
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
90
carbamazepine PC___
antimanic, antiseizure
91
carbamazepine USE__
bipolar disorder
focal/generalized onset seizures
neuropathic pain
92
carbamazepine AE___
nausea, vomiting, ataxia, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation
93
carbamazepine MP___
CBC with platelet count and differential, reticulocytes, serum iron, liver and renal function tests, urinalysis, BUN, serum sodium, ophthalmic exam including intraocular pressure
94
carbamazepine MOA___
---may depress activity in the nucleus ventralis of the thalamus or decrease synaptic transmission or decrease summation of temporal stimulation leading to neural discharge by limiting influx of sodium ions across cell membrane or other unknown mechanisms; ---stimulates the release of ADH and potentiates its action in promoting reabsorption of water; chemically related to tricyclic antidepressants
95
gentamicin PC___
antibiotic, amino glycoside
96
gentamicin USE___
Treatment of serious infections (eg, sepsis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, peritonitis, bone infections, skin and soft tissue infections)
97
gentamicin AE___
hypertension, abnormal gait,
confusion, seizure, vertigo,
dyspnea, alopecia,
hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, uticaria, hepatomegaly, Agranulocytosis, muscle cramps, visual disturbance, fever, decreased urine specific gravity, hearing loss
98
gentamicin MP___
Urinalysis,
urine output,
BUN, serum creatinine, plasma gentamicin levels (before and after third dose).
Hearing should be tested before and after treatment.
99
gentamicin MOA___
Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit resulting in a defective bacterial cell membrane
100
dexamethasone PC___
Anti-inflammatory Agent; Antiemetic; Corticosteroid, Systemic
101
dexamethasone USE___
As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration in synovitis of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute and subacute bursitis, Intralesional injection: Keloids; localized hypertrophic, infiltrated, inflammatory lesions of lichen planus, psoriatic plaques, granuloma annulare, and lichen simplex chronicus
Acute mountain sickness/high-altitude cerebral edema; Acute respiratory distress syndrome, fetal lung maturation
102
dexamethasone AE___
GI issues, osteoporosis, myopathy, ocular effects,
103
dexamethasone MP___
Hb, occult blood loss, BP, serum potassium, blood glucose, creatine kinase (if symptoms of myopathy occur), bone mineral density; intraocular pressure with systemic use >6 weeks; consider routine eye exams with chronic use; weight and height in children; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression
104
dexamethasone MOA___
suppression of neutrophil migration, decreased production of inflammatory mediators, and reversal of increased capillary permeability; suppresses normal immune response
105
fluticasone propionate & salmeterol PC___
Beta2 Agonist; Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist, Long-Acting; Corticosteroid, Inhalant
106
fluticasone propionate & salmeterol USE___
asthma maintenance/controller
COPD
107
fluticasone propionate & salmeterol AE___
h/a
upper respiratory tract infection
pneumonia
pharyngitis
108
fluticasone propionate & salmeterol MP___
FEV1, peak flow, and/or other pulmonary function tests; blood pressure, heart rate; CNS stimulation; glaucoma and cataracts; bone mineral density
serum potassium
glucose
s/s candidiasis
109
fluticasone propionate & salmeterol MOA___
Fluticasone: The mechanism of action for all topical corticosteroids is believed to be a combination of three important properties: Anti-inflammatory activity, immunosuppressive properties, and antiproliferative actions. Fluticasone has extremely potent vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory activity.
Salmeterol: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta2-receptors with little effect on heart rate
110
ceftriaxone PC___
Antibiotic, Cephalosporin (Third Generation)
111
ceftriaxone USE___
infections:
bloodstream
bone/joint
gonococcal
intra-abdominal
lower respiratory tract
meningitis
skin/soft tissue
UTI
bite wounds (off label)
pelvis inflammatory disease
otitis media (acute)
112
ceftriaxone AE___
urinary sludge (hypercalciuria)
renal failure
pancreatitis
C Dif
anemia
kernicterus
skin tightness
113
ceftriaxone MP___
Prothrombin time/INR. Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Test-of-cure 7 to 14 days after initial treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea
114
ceftriaxone MOA____
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
115
cimetidine PC___
Histamine H2 Antagonist
116
cimetidine USE___
GERD
heartburn
117
cimetidine AE___
none
118
cimetidine MOA___
Competitive inhibition of histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentration reduced
119
cimetidine MP___
CBC, gastric pH, renal function, occult blood w/GI bleeding, signs of confusion
