Professional Pharmacy Flashcards
What are the 4 principles of medicines optimisation?
- aim to understand the patient’s experience
- Evidence based choice of medicines
- Ensure medicines are as safe as possible
- Make medicine optimisation part of routine practice
What is professional judgement?
The use of accumlated knowledge, experience and critical reasoning to make an informed decision
Sources of information for medicines reconciliations
PMR, repeat prescription, patient, PODS, relative, GP, Care home, discharge summary, community pharmacy
What is the name of the culture where blame and punishment is assigned?
Punitive culture
Why is a non blame culture inadequate?
It can breed complaincency which can impact patient care
What is the right culture?
Just culture - based on principles of fairness, quality, transparency, reporting and learning
What system can be used to anonymously report incidents?
NRLS (national reporting learning system)
What logs should be completed following an error?
Near miss logs - should regularly review
What needs to be submitted each year for revalidation?
- 4 x CPDS ( at least 2 planned)
- A peer discussion
- A reflective account
What are the 9 Gphc standards for pharmacy professionals?
- Provide person centered care
- Work in partnership with others
- Communicate effectively
- Maintain, develop and use professional knowledge and skills
- Use professional judgement
- Have a professional manne
- Respect and maintain confidentiality
- Speak up when things go wrong
- Demonstrate leadership
What can a GSL medication also be reffered as?
PO medication
Can GSL medications be sold when the Pharmacist is absent?
GSL can only be sold under the responsible pharmacist - however the pharmacist can be physically absent for a limited period of time while remaining responsible thus permiting sale of GSL
What is the maximum quantity of pseudoephedrine + ephedrine that can be supplied OTC?
Pseudo - no more than 720mg
Ephedrine - no more than 180mg
- cannot sell both together
Who can sell pseudo / ephedrine?
Pharmacist or staff who are suitably trained
What group is Levonorgestrol licensed for?
> 16 years, within 72 hours
How long after UPSI can uilpristal be used?
120 hours
What is the appropriate action for a 13 y/o requesting EHC
legally too young to consent to sexual activity, report to social services unless exceptional cricumstances backed by documentation
If a pharmacy does not have a PGD for EHC and it is unlicensed to sell OTC, what other options can be sought?
refer to other providers e.g. GUM clinic, family planning clinic, general providers of PGDs for EHC
what is the legal restriction on OTC paracetamol / Aspirin?
no more than 100 non effervescents, no legal limit on OTC effervescents
What indications can codeine and DH codeine be sold OTC for? q
short term treatment of acute, moderate pain that is not relieved by ibuprofen / paracetamol / aspirin
What pack size of codeine / dihydrocodeine is classified as a POM?
> 32 dose units ( inc. effervescent)
What warning must be on codeine / DH codeine?
Warning: can cause addiction to use for 3 days only
What classification is Amorolifine?
P medications - for 18 years and above
How many nails can be treated with Amorolifine at one time?
Maximum of 2 nails
How many days does Amorolifine lacquer diffuse through the nail plate for?
7 days
How long does it take for the affected nails treated with Amorolfine to grow out?
nine to twelve months for toenails and six months for finger nails
How often should Amorolfine be applied?
once weekly
When should amorfoline not be supplied?
- < 18
- Pregnacy / lactation
- Hypersensitive to ingredients
- refer if diabetic/immunosupressed/ peripherla circulatory disease
Can Amorolfine be supplied to a third party?
Yes - but need to ensure it is being supplied in line with products MA
What age is Chloramphenicol licensed for?
> 2 years
What 3 symptoms need to be present to consider sale of chloramphenicol?
- yellow purulent discharge
- Swelling eyelid
- irritated, itchy red or watery eye / gritty sensation
Dose of chloramphenicol drops?
1 drop AE every 2 hours for first 48 hours then every 4 hours
Treatment course for chloramphenicol?
5 days
When should you refer a patient asking for Chloramphenicol?
- eye pain
- swelling
- foreign body in the eye
- Galucome
- Recent infection
- Suspeced viral infection
- contact lenses
- pregnant/BF
- Using other eye drops
What eye symptoms requrie urgent referral?
Cloudy looking, unusual pupil, affected visio, photophobia, painful eye movement, worsening symptoms, eye/head injury, eye or laser surgery in last 6 months, contact lenses
What practical advice can be offered to a person with conjunctivitis?
- remove discharge with warm water / fresh cotton wool
- apply a cool compress around the eye
- Lubricating drops
- Cotangious - avoid spreading by not sharing towels, washing hands etc
- you do not need to avoid school/work
- do not wear contacts for at least 24 hours after chloramphenicol use
If a patient requestion Levonorgesterl has had an enzyme inducing drug within the last 4 weeks, what options are there?
- double dose LVG
- copper IUD
What population is LVG less effective in?
Women who weigh >70kg (BMI>26)
What patients is Ulipristal not recommended for use in?
- severe liver impairment
- Severe asthma who are on oral glucocorticoid
How long after having Ulipristal is breastfeeding not recommended for?
1 week
What is the advice regarding regular contraception alongside Ulipristal?
Ulipristal can reduce efficacy of COC + POC/ Progesterone containing drugs should not be restarted for 5 days afterwards (pt to use reliable barrier method)
What could be implied if a patient has severe lower abdominal pain after taking oral emergency contraceptive?
Ectopic pregnancy
What patient population can mometasone spray be sold to?
> 18 year olds for up to 3 months of tx
What can mometasone spray help to treat?
Nasal inflammation, sneezing, itching, blocked or runny nose
Before first adminsitration of mometasone what should be done to the spray?
Prime the spray by actuating the pump 10 times until a fine mist is obtained, re-prime with 2 sprays if the pump has not been used for 14 days
What pack size of lidocaine products are sold as P medicines?
10g
What warning should lidocaine containing products be labelled with?
Not suitable for treatment of teething children
What is first line treatment for teething?
Gentle rubbing, biting on a clean + cool object, Paracetamol / Ibuprofen suspensions
What is the maximum frequency a lidocaine product can be used?
dose can be repeated 3 hourly, max of 6 times a day
At what BMI can orlistat be supplied OTC?
BMI >28, aged over 18
What population of patients who want Orilistat should be refered?
- Diabetic
- Patients on BP meds / hypercholesterolaemia
- pt on amiodarone
- Patinets on levothyorxine
- Pt on antiepileptics
- patinets who have been using orlistat for >6months
- Pt with rectal bleeding / CKD
Whast is the risk when orlistat is taking alongside antiepileptics?
Increased risk of convulsions
What vitamin absorption may be impaired with concurrent olistat?
Fat soluble ADEK
what PPIs are available OTC?
Omeprazole 10mg + pantoprazole 20mg
What patient population are the OTC PPIs indicated for?
> 18 years with symptoms of acid reflux
How long should patients take PPIs for OTC?
omeprazole - refer to GP if no improvement in 2 weeks
Pantoprazole - refer to GP if no improvement in 4 weeks
What can PPIs mask the symptoms of?
Gastric cancer
In what patients should PPIs be used in caution?
> 55 years, unexplained dyspepsia that has not responded to treatment and patients who have dyspepsia + bleeding, dyphagiga, recurrent vomiting, weight loss
MHRA alert regarding PPIs
very low risk of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
What patient is Viagra connect indicated for?
> 18 year olds with ED
How long before sexual activity should Viagra be taken?
one hour
If viagra is taken with food what can happen to the onset of action?
Delayed onset compared to the fasted state
Drugs that are contraindicated alongise Viagra
Nitrates, Guanylate cyclase stimulators (Riociguat), Ritonavir
What patients are not fit for sexual activity?
Severe cardiovascular disease (within last 6 months), pt who feel breathless wiht light/moderate exercise, uncontrolled hypertension etc
Severe side effects associated wiht Sildenafil
Priapism, sudden visual defects, severe allergic reaction
What anti-malarial is a P medicine?
Maloff protect 250mg/100mg (atovaquone wiht proguanil)
What is the indication for Maloff protect?
Prevention of plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults >18 years weighing >40kg