Professional Caring & Ethics

Question 1

What is certification?

Answer 1

 Does not provide authority to practice

 Shows that I have all of the education to provide care at the NP level but does not give me the authority to practice

Question 2

What is licensure?

Answer 2

 Grants the NP authority to practice in that state

 Defined by the individual state’s nurse practice act

Question 3

What is credentialing?

Answer 3

 Provides practice authority in a particular institution or health care setting
 Defines hospital privileges and enables insurance reimbursement

Question 4

Beneficence

Answer 4

 To do good

 Provider’s obligation to help people in need

Question 5

Non-maleficence

Answer 5

 Do no harm
 Requirement that the healthcare provider do no harm, whether with or without intention
 If harm is unavoidable, the provider is obligated to minimize the harm

Question 6

Autonomy

Answer 6

 The right of the competent person to choose a personal plan of life and action
 The law presumes all adults are competent, until demonstrated otherwise
 In a situation where thee healthcare provider believes the patient would benefit from therapy but the informed patient declines intervention, the patient’s wishes must be followed
 Limitations to autonomy are placed when that person’s autonomy could interfere with the rights, health, or well-being of another
 In a situation where the patient is cognitively impaired, decision-making can be deferred to a healthcare proxy. This generally requires a significant degree of impairment

Question 7

Justice

Answer 7

 All people are treated equally

Question 8

Utilitarianism

Answer 8

 Allocation of healthcare resources so that the best is done for the greatest number of people
 Most cost effective form of healthcare – primary prevention services

Question 9

Veracity

Answer 9

 To tell the truth

Question 10

Components of a malpractice

Answer 10

 Duty – a relationship exists between the patient and provider
 Breach of duty – the provider violates accepted standards when rendering care
 Proximate cause – plaintiff establishes relationship between the breath and the injuries
 Damages – permanent, substantial damages as a result of malpractice

Question 11

Occurrence-based malpractice insurance policy

Answer 11

 Policy covers injuries that occur during the period the policy was active, regardless of whether or not the policy was renewed or continues to be in effect

Question 12

Claims-made malpractice insurance policy

Answer 12

 Covers the clinician only if the injury occurs within the policy period and if the claim is filed during the period the policy is in effect – or when an uninterrupted “tail” insurance policy is in effect

Question 13

Medicare Parts A, B, C, & D

Answer 13

 A – hospital services, some post-hospital
 B – supplemental insurance, outpatient services, home health
 C – Medicare advantage
 D – prescription drug coverage, must have A and B to qualify

Question 14

What is medicaid?

Answer 14

 Provides medical benefits to low-income people who have no medical insurance or have inadequate medical insurance
 Individual states determine eligibility requirements and services provided
 Poverty alone is not a qualifier
 Enrollee characteristics – blind, disabled, elder in need of nursing home care, pregnant women, have child(ren) with a disability, or be responsible for children under 19 years old

Question 15

What are covered entities under HIPAA?

Answer 15

 Healthcare providers – providers, hospitals, labs, health departments
 Health plans – Medicaid, Medicare, Blue Cross, etc.
 Healthcare clearinghouses

Question 16

Prochaska and DiClemente stages of change

Answer 16

 Pre-contemplation – patient is not interested in change and might not know that a problem exists
 Contemplation – patient is considering change, weighing positive and negatives, but feels “stuck” with the problem
 Preparation – patient exhibits some change but doesn’t feel like they have the tools to keep going
 Action – patient is ready to move forward with the change, takes concrete steps but is inconsistent
 Maintenance/relapse – patient continues with the change, embraced the new health habit; relapse can occur and person learns how to deal with it