Production Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Goods and services cannot be produced without utilizing the _____ of ____ such as ____, ____, _____ and_______.

A

the factors of production

land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship

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2
Q

It is the fundamental decision of the firm to determine the _____ of _____ and _______ to produce and how much _____ of ______ to apply together with other inputs to generate an output with the ______ ____ of ______.

A

amount of goods and services
factors of production
highest level of efficiency

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3
Q

The transformation of inputs into outputs

A

Production

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4
Q

Two types of output

A

Goods and Services

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5
Q

Different levels of inputs can produce?

A

different levels of outputs

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6
Q

The ____ of a ____ is the process by which inputs are turned into outputs.

A

the technology of a firm

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7
Q

The technological relationship between quantity of physical inputs and the quantity of goods produced.

A

Production Function

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8
Q

Production Function is central concept in ____ ______theories as it is used to define ______ _____and distinguish between _____ and _____ ______ which is a primary focus of economics.

A

mainstream neoclassical
marginal product
allocative and distributive efficiency

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9
Q

used to model the case of numerous outputs and numerous inputs. These functions are generalizations of the simple production function in economics.

A

shepherds distance functions or alternatively directional distance functions

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10
Q

like demand, production functions have a _____ duration

A

finite

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11
Q

It depicts the flow of inputs that result to flow of output over time

A

Production Function

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12
Q

A firm’s production function is determined by the ____ of _____

A

state of technology

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13
Q

With each advancement in technology, the firm’s _____ ______ changes

A

production function

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14
Q

the total amount of a commodity that is produced with a given level of factor inputs and technology in a given period of time.

A

Total Product

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15
Q

the total product per unit of variable input

A

Average Product

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16
Q

addition in total output per unit change in variable input

A

Marginal Product

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17
Q

TPL =

A

ΣMP = AP x L

18
Q

APL =

A

TP/L = Q/L

19
Q

MPL =

A

Change in TP or Q/ Change In L

20
Q

As MP increases, what happens to TP?

A

TP increases at an increasing rate

21
Q

When MP falls but is positive, what happens to TP?

A

TP increases at a diminishing rate

22
Q

MP = 0, what happens to TP?

A

TP reaches maximum

23
Q

When MP is negative, what happens to TP?

A

TP decreases

24
Q

When MP > AP, what happens to AP?

A

AP increases

25
Q

When MP = AP, what happens to AP?

A

AP reaches maximum and it is constant

26
Q

When MP < AP, what happens to AP?

A

AP decreases

27
Q

the optimal level of production also known as ______ _______occurs when maximum output is obtained at the lowest possible cost.

A

producer’s equilibrium

28
Q

Total Revenue and Total Cost Approach =

A

TR - TC = P

29
Q

Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Approach =

A

MR = MC

MC must be less than MR before they are equal

30
Q

These lines represent various input combinations which produce the same levels of output.

A

Isoquant Curve

31
Q

Isoquant Curve is also known as?

A

the equal-product curve or production indifference curve.

32
Q

Isoquant curve enables firms to optimize _____ _____ in order to maximize ______ and _____. It represents all ______ ______ of two inputs that produce the same amount of output.

A

their inputs
production and profits
possible combinations

33
Q

the rate at which one input could be substituted for another

A

marginal rate of technical substitution

34
Q

7 properties of isoquant curves

A
  1. Cannot Intersect
  2. Slope downwards
  3. Right curves are higher curves
  4. Convex to the origin
  5. Could not touch X and Y axis
  6. Do not have to be parallel to one another
  7. Oval Shaped
35
Q

Iso means and Quant means?

A

Equal and Quantity

36
Q

represent combinations of two factors that can be bought with different outlay.

A

Isocost Lines

37
Q

Isocost lines are also called

A

Budget Line or Budget constraint lines

38
Q

The isocost is tangent to the isoquant at the ___-______ _____ ______.

A

cost-minimizing input bundle

39
Q

absolute value of an isocost line is equal to

A

ratio of input cost

40
Q

absolute value of the slope of an isocost line is equal to

A

marginal rate of technical substitution.

41
Q

when an isocost is tangent to an isoquant but does not intersect. When this happens, Ratio of prices of factors is equal to ratio of their marginal products.

A

Cost minimization

42
Q

Cost minimization is equal to

A

MPL/W = MPK/R