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Production Test > Production Test > Flashcards

Production Test Flashcards

1
Q

The maximum flow rate a well could theoretically deliver with zero pressure at the middle of the perforations

A

AOFP / absolute open flow potential

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2
Q

A device that uses Pitot tubes to measure the gas flow rate within a pipeline

A

annubar

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3
Q

Fluid pressure in the annulus between tubing and casing or between two strings of casing

A

annular pressure

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4
Q

Production of formation fluid through the casing-tubing annulus

A

annular production

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5
Q

Petroleum with a high content of naphthenic compounds, such as asphaltenes

A

asphaltic crude / naphthene-base crude oil

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6
Q

A volumetric average of the pressure exerted by the fluids inside the reservoir at a specific depletion stage

A

average reservoir pressure

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7
Q

Pressure registered on equipment or devices when fluid flows through

A

backpressure

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8
Q

A volume of fluid that refers to the daily total production of oil and water from a well

A

BLPD / barrels of liquid per day

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9
Q

A common unit of measurement for the daily volume of crude oil produced by a well or from a field

A

BOPD / barrels of oil per day

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10
Q

A common unit of measurement for the volume of water produced each day by a well or in a field

A

BWPD / barrels of water per day

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11
Q

a unit of measurement for large volumes of natural gas

A

Bcf / billion cubic feet

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12
Q

a unit of measurement for large production rates of natural gas

A

BcfD /billion cubic feet per day

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13
Q

A fixed choke or a choke with an adjustable needle, sleeve or plate that can be changed to adjust the flow rate

A

beam / bean

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14
Q

An obstruction in the pipeline, composed of asphaltenes, hydrates, waxes, scale and sand deposited on the internal wall of the pipeline forming a barrier to the normal flow of fluids

A

blockage

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15
Q

A procedure in which different chemicals are added to bottle samples of an emulsion to determine which chemical is the most effective at breaking, or separating, the emulsion into oil and water

A

bottle test

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16
Q

A specimen obtained from the bottom part of the tank or lower point in a pipeline

A

bottom sample

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17
Q

A perforated tubular attached to the subsurface sucker-rod pump that controls the entrance of gas

A

bottomhole gas separator / gas anchor

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18
Q

measured from a liquid sample of the production stream, includes free water, sediment and emulsion and is measured as a volume percentage of the production stream

A

BS&W

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19
Q

Several pipes (production or injection, gas lift) that are jointly insulated to keep together production lines

A

bundle

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20
Q

Compounds or complex ions that are formed by the union of water with other substances

A

clathrate / hydrate

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21
Q

The flow of different fluids such as oil, gas or water, in a single production stream

A

composite stream

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22
Q

A natural gas liquid with a low vapor pressure compared with natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas

A

condensate

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23
Q

Hydrocarbons that are in the gaseous phase at reservoir conditions but condense into liquid as they travel up the wellbore and reach separator conditions

A

condensate liquids

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24
Q

The ratio of the volume of liquid produced to the volume of gas produced

A

condensate ratio

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25
Q

Part of rod pumping unit installed on the end of the walking beam, opposite to the end over the well, and counterbalances the weight of the sucker rods and the fluid being pumped

A

counterbalance weight

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26
Q

In sand control operations, the maximum production rate below which the production of solids along with the produced fluid is uniform

A

critical flow rate

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27
Q

The gas flow rate equivalent to the speed of sound in that fluid

A

critical gas flow rate

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28
Q

The barrel of the sucker rod pump

A

cylinder

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29
Q

A unit of measurement established by the American Petroleum Institute (API) that indicates the density of a liquid

A

degree API

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30
Q

Tests in an oil or gas well to determine its flow capacity at specific conditions of reservoir and flowing pressures

A

deliverability test / productivity test

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31
Q

An instrument that measures the specific gravity of a mixture of gas, liquid and solids

A

densimeter / densitometer

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32
Q

The difference between two pressure measurements

A

differential pressure

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33
Q

The portion of movement of a downhole pump at which the rods are going down and the downhole pump is being filled with fluid

A

down stroke

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34
Q

Mechanical or electronic devices for measuring various properties in the well such as pressure, fluid flow rate from each branch of a multilateral well, temperature, vibration, composition, fluid flow regime, and fluid holdup

A

downhole sensors

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35
Q

The difference between the average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottomhole pressure

A

draw down

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36
Q

The water and heavy hydrocarbons that condense from the gas stream and accumulate in the lower points of the flowlines

A

drip

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37
Q

The level to which the static fluid level drops in the tubing or casing when the well produced under pumping conditions

A

dynamic fluid level

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38
Q

An instrument used in sucker-rod pumping to record the variation between the polished rod load and the polished rod displacement

A

dynamometer

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39
Q

The record made by the dynamometer

A

dynamometer card

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40
Q

A type of gas-lift valve that allows a gas-lift port size to be adjusted remotely from surface to positions from fully open to closed

A

electric gas lift valves

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41
Q

Deployed offshore in locations that have limited access to pipelines to carry natural gas to the mainland

A

FLNG / floating liquefied natural gas vessel

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42
Q

A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR), flowing the well under a constant rate until it reaches stabilized conditions (pseudosteady state)

A

flow after flow

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43
Q

A surface pipeline carrying oil, gas or water that connects the wellhead to a manifold or to production facilities, such as heater-treaters and separators

A

flow line

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44
Q

An instrument that measures the flow rate of fluids through a pipeline

A

flow meter

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45
Q

The flow of oil, gas or water through a pipe

A

flow stream

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46
Q

A pipe fitting with several lateral outlets for connecting flowlines from one or more wells

A

flowline manifold

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47
Q

The fluid sample from the wellhead that is used to analyze the composition of the flow

A

flowstream sample

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48
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when the downhole pump rate exceeds the production rate of the formation

A

fluid pound

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49
Q

A tool run on wireline to obtain fluid samples and measure formation pressures

A

fluid tester / wireline formation tester

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50
Q

A high flow rate reached with a new well

A

flush production

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51
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when gas enters the subsurface sucker-rod pump.

A

gas interference

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52
Q

The ratio of produced gas to produced liquids (oil and water)

A

GLR / gas liquid ratio

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53
Q

A condition sometimes encountered in a pumping well when dissolved gas, released from solution during the upstroke of the plunger, appears as free gas between the valves

A

gas lock

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54
Q

The ratio of produced gas to produced oil

A

GOR / gas oil ratio

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55
Q

Untreated gas that leaves the well

A

green gas

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56
Q

The total production of oil, gas or water from a well or field over a specific period of time

A

gross production

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57
Q

Debris, dirt, paraffin, oil, mill scale and rust removed from a pipeline when a scraper or a pig is used for cleaning purposes

A

gunk

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58
Q

An artificial-lift system that operates using a downhole pump

A

hydraulic pumping

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59
Q

Natural gas injected into a formation to maintain or restore reservoir pressure

A

injection gas

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60
Q

The pressure needed to inject fluid into the formation to pressurize or displace hydrocarbons

A

injection pressure

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61
Q

Water injected into the reservoir to pressurize and displace hydrocarbons to producing wells

A

injection water

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62
Q

A procedure conducted to establish the rate and pressure at which fluids can be pumped into the treatment target without fracturing the formation

A

injectivity test

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63
Q

A device made of rubber or polyurethane that has electronic devices

A

instrumented pig

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64
Q

A mathematical tool used in production engineering to assess well performance by plotting the well production rate against the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP)

A

IPR / inflow performance relationship

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65
Q

A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells used to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR) without actually flowing the well for the time required to achieve stabilized conditions (pseudosteady state)

A

isochronal test

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66
Q

Liquid condensed by a scrubber following a compression and cooling process

A

knock out

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67
Q

A test to detect hydrogen sulfide in a fluid by discoloration of a paper moistened with the lead acetate solution

A

lead acetate test

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68
Q

The determination of the location of a leak in a pipeline

A

leak detection

69
Q

Natural gas that contains a few or no liquefiable liquid hydrocarbons / Residual gas, mainly methane and ethane, that remains after the heavier hydrocarbons have been condensed in the wellhead

A

lean gas / dry gas

70
Q

A gas condensate with low condensate formation in the reservoir (when the bottomhole pressure is reduced below the dewpoint pressure)

A

lean gas condensate

71
Q

Liquid hydrocarbon utilized to remove heavier components from the gas stream in a gas processing plant

A

lean oil

72
Q

Crude oil that has a high API gravity, usually more than 40o

A

light crude oil

73
Q

Hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as methane, ethane, propane and butane

A

light hydrocarbons

74
Q

Natural gas, mainly methane and ethane, which has been liquefied at cryogenic temperatures

A

LNG / liquefied natural gas

75
Q

Gas mainly composed of propane and butane, which has been liquefied at low temperatures and moderate pressures

A

LPG / liquefied petroleum gas

76
Q

Liquid compounds such as propanes, butanes, pentanes and heavier products extracted from the gas flowstream

A

liquid hydrocarbons

77
Q

Gas injected into a gas-condensate reservoir to maintain the pressure level, thus preventing further condensate dropout

A

makeup gas

78
Q

A calibrated tank that automatically measures the liquid volume passing through it

A

measuring tank / metering tanks / dump tanks

79
Q

A device used to measure volumes or rates of fluids (liquid or gas)

A

meter

80
Q

The operation to adjust the meter to a specific standard

A

meter calibration

81
Q

The maximum and the minimum rate of flow specified by the manufacturer to maintain accuracy in the readings

A

meter capacity

82
Q

The difference in gas volume registered using two different meters

A

meter difference

83
Q

A correction number for the meter, determined by calibrating the meter using an incompressible fluid (liquid)

A

meter factor

84
Q

The volume of liquid that is not registered by the meter at a specific flow rate

A

meter slippage

85
Q

A compound or complex ion that is formed by the union of water with methane

A

methane hydrate

86
Q

A common measure for gas volume, standard conditions are normally set at 60oF and 14.7 psia

A

MMSCF / million standard cubic feet

87
Q

A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR), overcomes the limitation of the isochronal test, which requires long shut-in times to reach the average reservoir pressure

A

modified isochronal test

88
Q

A tubular placed at the bottom of the subsurface sucker-rod pump and inside the gas anchor to drive the formation fluid with little or no gas into the pump

A

mosquito bill

89
Q

Large diameter pipe placed outside the gas anchor to reduce the amount of solids carried by the formation liquid entering the subsurface sucker-rod pump

A

mud anchor

90
Q

A device that can register individual fluid flow rates of oil and gas when more than one fluid is flowing through a pipeline

A

multiphase meter

91
Q

Crude oil containing asphaltic materials but very little or no paraffin wax

A

naphthene base crude oil

92
Q

Components of natural gas that are liquid at surface in field facilities or in gas-processing plants

A

NGL / natural gas liquids

93
Q

A natural gas liquid with a vapor pressure intermediate between condensate and liquefied petroleum gas

A

natural gasoline

94
Q

The volume of gas produced less gas injected

A

net gas production

95
Q

The volume of oil produced less oil injected

A

net oil production

96
Q

Contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide [H2S], carbon dioxide [CO2], nitrogen [N2], and water, which are commonly associated with oil and gas production

A

nonhydrocarbon contaminants

97
Q

An instrument that records the flow rate of gas through a pipeline

A

orifice meter

98
Q

A condition in downhole pumping operations that occurs when the stroke length at the subsurface sucker-rod pump is longer than the surface stroke length (polished rod)

A

over travel / plunger overtravel

99
Q

A crude oil containing paraffin wax but very few asphaltic materials

A

paraffin base crude oil

100
Q

A situation in which the well and the reservoir are continuously monitored

A

permanent well monitoring

101
Q

A device with blades or brushes inserted in a pipeline for cleaning purposes

A

pig

102
Q

A spheroid implement used to displace liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas pipelines

A

pig

103
Q

To run a scraper, or pig, through a pipeline for cleaning purposes

A

pig

104
Q

The trip of a pig through a pipeline for cleaning purposes

A

pig run

105
Q

The act of forcing a device called a pig through a pipeline for the purposes of displacing or separating fluids, and cleaning or inspecting the line

A

pigging

106
Q

A measuring device for determining the gas-flow rate

A

Pitot tube

107
Q

A type of gas-lift method that uses a plunger that goes up and down inside the tubing

A

plunger lift

108
Q

A rod shorter than usual, usually placed below the polished rod and used to make a rod string of a desired length

A

pony rod

109
Q

Volume of fluid injected in a well during hydraulic pumping

A

power fluid injection rate

110
Q

In hydraulic pumping, the crude oil that is pressurized at surface to energize the bottom pump

A

power oil

111
Q

The maximum pressure an electrical submersible pump can withstand

A

pressure capability

112
Q

Also known as primary recovery, the first stage of hydrocarbon production, in which natural reservoir energy, such as gasdrive, waterdrive or gravity drainage, displaces hydrocarbons from the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface. Initially, the reservoir pressure is considerably higher than the bottomhole pressure inside the wellbore

A

primary production

113
Q

The first stage of hydrocarbon production, in which natural reservoir energy, such as gasdrive, waterdrive or gravity drainage, displaces hydrocarbons from the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface

A

primary recovery

114
Q

A procedure that involves sampling gas and liquid at different points across the diameter of pipe to evaluate the degree of stratification at a specific location

A

profile testing

115
Q

type of a sucker rod-pumping unit that uses a rotor and a stator

A

progressive cavity pumping system

116
Q

The cylinder of the downhole pump

A

pump barrel

117
Q

A phenomenon produced when pump submergence into the fluid column is low

A

pump off

118
Q

The difference in hydrostatic head between the pump depth and the dynamic fluid level above the pump

A

pump submergence

119
Q

The relationship between actual pump displacement and the pump displacement under ideal conditions

A

pump volumetric efficiency / volumetric efficiency

120
Q

A component of a production-logging tool that carries a radioactive solution (often carnotite) that can be selectively released into a flow stream

A

radioactive tracer

121
Q

The difference between the maximum load reached in the upstroke and the minimum load registered in the downstroke

A

range of load

122
Q

Crude oil direct from the wellbore, before it is treated in a gas separation plant

A

raw crude oil

123
Q

Gas coming directly from the wellbore containing nonhydrocarbon contaminants and hydrocarbons that can be liquefied

A

raw natural gas

124
Q

Injection gas that has returned to surface and it is not reinjected into the gas-lift system

A

recoverable gas lift gas

125
Q

An unmanned submersible vehicle controlled from surface

A

ROV / remotely operated vehicle

126
Q

Natural forces in the reservoir that displace hydrocarbons out of the reservoir into the wellbore and up to surface

A

reservoir drive mechanisms

127
Q

The formation of liquid hydrocarbons in a gas reservoir as the pressure in the reservoir decreases below dewpoint pressure during production

A

retrograde condensation

128
Q

Natural gas containing heavier hydrocarbons than a lean gas

A

rich gas

129
Q

Gas condensate comprising significant amounts of heavy hydrocarbon products, which can produce relatively large volumes of condensate

A

rich gas condensate

130
Q

Lean oil that has absorbed heavier hydrocarbon components from a gas stream

A

rich oil

131
Q

A gas-lift system that recycles the injected gas using compressors

A

rotational gas lift

132
Q

A swabbing device used to clean up sand that has accumulated in the wellbore

A

sand bailer

133
Q

A platform on which surface multiphase pumps can be mounted and connected to subsea multiphase pumps

A

satellite platform

134
Q

To remove impurities, water, liquid hydrocarbons or traces of other gases by passing the gas flowstream through a scrubber, a device in which the gas is mixed with a suitable liquid that absorbs or washes out the constituent to be removed

A

scrub

135
Q

A device to remove dirt, water, foreign matter, or undesired liquids that are part of the gas flowstream

A

scrubber

136
Q

Oil recovered from a knockout or scrubber device

A

scrubber oil

137
Q

The pressure required to force fluids to enter a separator

A

separator backpressure

138
Q

The gas that remains after its separation from condensate

A

separator gas

139
Q

The mixture of liquid samples taken from the upper, middle and lower sections of a storage tank

A

single tank composite sample

140
Q

A substance added at slow rate to the production fluid stream to prevent corrosion

A

slow release inhibitor

141
Q

A type of flow in which surface equipment may be damaged by the sudden impact of a liquid slug in a phenomenon called water hammer

A

slug flow

142
Q

Accumulation of a water, oil or condensate in a gas pipeline

A

slugging

143
Q

A chemical used to break emulsions to determine the total amount of sediment and water in the samples

A

slugging compound

144
Q

An acoustic device that measures the time required for an explosive sound to echo from the annular liquid level in nonflowing wells

A

sonolog

145
Q

A crude oil containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide or mercaptans

A

sour crude oil

146
Q

A gas containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide or mercaptans, all of which are extremely harmful

A

sour gas

147
Q

A production logging method that uses a small propeller turned by fluid movement

A

spin flowmeter

148
Q

A term describing a flowing well when its rate of production through a given choke size remains constant, or in the case of a pumping well, when the fluid column within the well remains constant in height

A

stabilized

149
Q

In a subsurface sucker-rod pump, a valve that permits flow up the tubing to fill the pump-barrel chamber while preventing downward flow

A

standing valve

150
Q

The level to which fluid rises in a well when the well is shut in

A

static fluid level

151
Q

A device used to catch and hold the debris flowing in pipelines

A

strainer

152
Q

In a sucker-rod pump, one complete round of the polished rod (surface stroke)

A

stroke

153
Q

The number of strokes the polished rod completes in one minute

A

strokes per minute

154
Q

Light crude oil containing sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide

A

sulfur light crude

155
Q

Oil containing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide

A

sweet crude oil

156
Q

Natural gas that contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide

A

sweet gas

157
Q

A temperature data set taken at various depths in the wellbore

A

temperature survey

158
Q

a common measure for volume of gas, standard conditions are normally set at 60oF and 14.7 psia

A

TSCF / thousand standard cubic feet per day

159
Q

In a subsurface sucker-rod pump, the valve that closes the barrel chamber allowing the trapped fluid to be lifted in the upstroke of the pump

A

traveling valve

160
Q

Pressure on the tubing in a well, as measured at the wellhead

A

tubing pressure

161
Q

In sucker-rod pumping, a situation that occurs when thestrokelength at the downhole pump is shorter than the surface stroke length

A

under travel

162
Q

Gas that is being stored in salt domes, salt layers or depleted oil and gas fields

A

underground gas storage

163
Q

The stage of downhole pumping at which the polished rod is going up and the downhole pump is pumping fluid

A

upstroke

164
Q

The ratio of water produced compared to the volume of total liquids produced

A

water cut

165
Q

The ratio ofproduced waterto produced oil

A

water oil ratio

166
Q

The volume of produced water associated with oil production

A

water production

167
Q

The pressure registered in the wellhead of a producing well

A

wellhead backpressure

168
Q

Natural gas containing significant heavy hydrocarbons

A

wet gas

169
Q

Oil that contains basic sediment and water (BS&W)

A

wet oil

Production Test (12 decks)

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