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Product Design Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is sustainability?

A

When a material can be replaced and won’t have a bad effect on the environment

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2
Q

What are the 6 Rs of sustainability?

A
  • reduce
  • refuse
  • reuse
  • repair
  • recycle
  • rethink
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3
Q

What is batch production?

A

When an identical product is made at the same time in a small or large quantity

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4
Q

Give examples of products made using batch production

A
  • chairs
  • magazines
  • books
  • newspapers
  • bread
  • clothing because trends change
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5
Q

What is mass production?

A

Involves the product to go through many stages of a production line, machines and workers at each stage have a specific job

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6
Q

Give examples of product made using mass production

A
  • cars
  • computers
  • mobile phones
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7
Q

What is continuous production?

A

When an identical product is made 24/7, it runs on high levels of automation and mainly produces necessities

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8
Q

Give examples of products made using continuous production

A
  • paper
  • bricks
  • petrol
  • most commodities
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9
Q

What is one off production?

A

Involves designing and making a single product, made for a specific purpose for a specific customer

  • usually expensive
  • highly skilled workers
  • takes time
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10
Q

Give examples of product made using one off production

A
  • wedding dresses/rings
  • wedding cakes
  • designer suits
  • bespoke furniture
  • designer jewellery
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11
Q

What is just in time (JIT) production?

A

Involves a customer ordering a product, and then parts being sent to an assembly factory where it is put together

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12
Q

What are the pros and cons of JIT production?

A

Pros
-less money spent on storage of parts
Cons
-late delivery can stop the production line

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13
Q

What are the purposes of packaging? (PICTPD)

A
  • protection
  • informing
  • containing
  • transporting
  • preservation
  • display
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14
Q

What is die cutting?

A

Usually a way of packaging being cut out. Blades score and crease card using a stamping movement

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15
Q

What is injection moulding?

A

The heating of plastic granules until they are soft being injected into a metal mould under pressure. Plastic hardens into wanted shape

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16
Q

What is blow moulding?

A

Manufactures hollow plastic products

Stick of plastic is placed into a mould and air is forced into it until the plastic thins and lines the mould

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17
Q

What is quality control?

A

Checking a product is up to expectation as certain stages during the manufacturing process

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18
Q

What is checked during quality checks?

A
  • accuracy of dimensions
  • weight
  • flammability
  • fit
  • use
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19
Q

What is ergonomics?

A

The relationship between people and the product they use

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20
Q

What is anthropometrics?

A

The study of the size of people in relations to products

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21
Q

What is CAD?

A

Computer aided design

Eg. 2D design

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22
Q

What is CAM?

A

Computer aided manufacturing

Eg. Laser cutter

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23
Q

What are the advantages of CAD/CAM?

A
  • accurate
  • storage of ideas and info
  • repetition
  • reduced labour costs
  • flexibility of where work is done
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24
Q

What are the disadvantages of CAD/CAM?

A
  • data may not be secure
  • data can become corrupt
  • expensive investment
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25
What are manufactured woods?
Man made Wood
26
Examples of manufactured wood
- MDF - plywood - chipboard - block board - hardboard
27
Examples of paper and card?
- tracing - cartridge - cardboard - whiteboard - duplex board - foil lined board - corrugated board
28
What are hardwoods?
- Trees that grow very slowly | - are usually deciduous
29
Give examples of hardwoods
- oak - mahogany - ash - beech - sycamore - willow - teak
30
What are softwoods?
- grow quickly - are more sustainable - usually coniferous/evergreen tress
31
Give examples of softwoods
- pine - cedar - juniper - redwood
32
What are ferrous metals?
Metals that contain iron, rust easily
33
Give examples of ferrous metals
- cast iron - mild steel - high carbon steel - stainless steel
34
What are non ferrous metals?
Metals that don't contain iron
35
Give examples of non ferrous metals
- copper - aluminium - lead - zinc - tin
36
What are alloys?
A mix of two metals, giving the final metal more properties
37
What are the advantages of alloys?
- change melting points - change the colour - change electrical/thermal properties - increases strength, hardness and ductility
38
What are thermoplastics?
Plastics that can be heated and moduled over and over again | Important characteristic can be lost the more they are changed
39
Give examples of thermoplastics
- high density polythene (HDPE) - low density polythene (LDPE) - polypropylene - high impact polystyrene (HIPS) - NYLON - acrylic - polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
40
What is a thermosetting plastic?
Once moulded, it can't be reheated and remoulded this is because the polymer chains are so tightly linked, nothing can weaken them again
41
Give examples of thermosetting plastics
- epoxy resin - melamine formaldehyde - polyester resin - urea formaldehyde
42
What is market pull?
The inspiration for new products coming from the needs/demands of society
43
What is technology push?
When new advancements and discoveries in technology mean new, more modern products can be made
44
What does it mean when a product is obsolete?
The company purposefully minimises the life of the product so that customers come back and buy another one
45
Give examples of equipment you would find in a school workshop
- laser cutter - hegner saw (the scary one) - tenon saw (regular saw) - pillar drill - coping saw (thin saw) - files
46
What are product miles?
How far a product has travelled from the very first step of it being manufactured to being in the ownership of the customer
47
What is carbon footprint?
The amount of carbon dioxide have been released during the manufacturing of the product
48
What is fair trade?
When a product is made by workers who are treated and paid equally
49
Give examples of ways to group people for target market
- age - gender - job - hobbies - wealth
50
How to get customers to recognise and remember your product through branding?
- logos - memorable graphics - colours - slogans - celebrity endorsement
51
What should an effective logo include?
- simplicity - should be timeless - should be versatile and work in different sizes and colours - should be appropriate to the target market
52
What is brand development?
Creating a strong product identity that will appeal to customers
53
What are different forms of advertising a product?
- magazine adverts - TV adverts - online pop ups - leaflets and flyers - point of sale - packaging - digital media
54
What is market research?
Researching what your customers want from your product and how it will sell well
55
How can customers give feedback on a product?
- questionnaires - paper surveys - online surveys - interviews - focus groups - product testing
56
What is MDF?
A manufactured wood that is used to make display cabinets, wall panels and storage units -it has no grains or knots and is strong, stiff and heavy
57
What is oak?
A hardwood used for interior woodwork and good quality furniture -strong, hard and tough
58
What is high density polythene? (HDPE)
A thermoplastic that can be used for pipes and water bottles | -recyclable, stiff, strong, tough, resistant to chemicals and moisture
59
Why is cast iron?
A ferrous metals that is used in cars and cooking pots because of its resistance to wear -melting point of 1200*, corrodes through rusting, strong exterior
60
What is pine?
A softwood used for furniture, flooring and window frames | -it's soft, light, straight grained, resistant to shrinking or swelling
61
What is corrugated card?
A card used for packaging and point of sale stands | -strong and light, available in different thicknesses
62
What is plywood?
A manufactured board used for furniture, flooring and garden furniture due to it being waterproof -strong, can be used inside or out, chemical resistance, high impact resistance
63
What is mahogany?
A hardwood used for furniture, boats and musical instruments -it is strong, durable and pretty
64
What is epoxy resin?
A thermosetting plastic used as paint due to the protective layers it creates -incredibly strong, chemical resistant, watertight and good as an insulator
65
What is copper?
A non ferrous metals that is used for wiring and coins | -it is soft, malleable, ductile and has very high thermal and electrical conductivity
66
What is high impact polystyrene? (HIPS)
A thermoplastic that is used for plastic helmets, shelves, food packaging and point of sale stands -it can stand high impacts, its strong, light and sturdy
67
What is stainless steel?
A ferrous metal used for cutlery and surgical instruments | -it has a higher corrosion resistance, is ductile, hard, strong and has an attractive appearance
68
What is cedar?
A soft wood used for fences and pencils | -it is sustainable, light weight and durable
69
What is melamine formaldehyde?
A thermosetting plastic used to laminate surfaces such as counters and can be used to make plastic cutlery -it is white, odourless, exhibits great chemical and heat resistance and is unable to change shape through heating
70
What is nylon?
A thermoplastic that is used for machine pets, ropes and parachutes -it is strong, lightweight and can withstand water
71
What is aluminium?
A non ferrous metal used for packaging and in many vehicles such as bikes -it is light, strong, malleable, resistant to corrosion and a good thermal and electrical conductor
72
What is willow?
A hardwood used for cricket bats, furniture and musical instruments -it glued and finishes well but isn't very strong
73
What is low density polythene? (LDPE)
A thermoplastic used for plastic bags, tubing, bottles and computer components -it is flexible, can be made translucent or opaque, fairly tough
74
What is a tamper proof material?
Something on packaging that alerts the consumer if the product has been tampered with
75
What is polymorph?
A type of dough that can be shaped into any shape and heated up to be changed
76
What are thermoinks?
Inks that Change colour in response to change of temperature
77
What are photochromic inks?
Inks that change colour in response to change in light intensity
78
What is a stock form?
When a raw material is processed so it is easier to transport, manufacture and is readily available
79
Wood stock forms?
``` Planks Strips Veneers Round sections Dowells Square sections ```
80
Plastic stock forms
``` Foam Powder Sheets Rods Granules ```
81
Paper and card stock forms?
``` A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 ```
82
Metal stock forms?
``` Wire Rod Square Strip Sheet Bar Tube Angular Hollow/channel ```
83
Manufacturing aids?
``` Templates Formers Jigs Moulds Dies ```

Product Design (1 decks)

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