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Product Design > Product Design Theory > Flashcards

Product Design Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is sustainability?

A

When a material can be replaced and won’t have a bad effect on the environment

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2
Q

What are the 6 Rs of sustainability?

A
  • reduce
  • refuse
  • reuse
  • repair
  • recycle
  • rethink
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3
Q

What is batch production?

A

When an identical product is made at the same time in a small or large quantity

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4
Q

Give examples of products made using batch production

A
  • chairs
  • magazines
  • books
  • newspapers
  • bread
  • clothing because trends change
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5
Q

What is mass production?

A

Involves the product to go through many stages of a production line, machines and workers at each stage have a specific job

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6
Q

Give examples of product made using mass production

A
  • cars
  • computers
  • mobile phones
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7
Q

What is continuous production?

A

When an identical product is made 24/7, it runs on high levels of automation and mainly produces necessities

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8
Q

Give examples of products made using continuous production

A
  • paper
  • bricks
  • petrol
  • most commodities
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9
Q

What is one off production?

A

Involves designing and making a single product, made for a specific purpose for a specific customer

  • usually expensive
  • highly skilled workers
  • takes time
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10
Q

Give examples of product made using one off production

A
  • wedding dresses/rings
  • wedding cakes
  • designer suits
  • bespoke furniture
  • designer jewellery
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11
Q

What is just in time (JIT) production?

A

Involves a customer ordering a product, and then parts being sent to an assembly factory where it is put together

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12
Q

What are the pros and cons of JIT production?

A

Pros
-less money spent on storage of parts
Cons
-late delivery can stop the production line

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13
Q

What are the purposes of packaging? (PICTPD)

A
  • protection
  • informing
  • containing
  • transporting
  • preservation
  • display
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14
Q

What is die cutting?

A

Usually a way of packaging being cut out. Blades score and crease card using a stamping movement

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15
Q

What is injection moulding?

A

The heating of plastic granules until they are soft being injected into a metal mould under pressure. Plastic hardens into wanted shape

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16
Q

What is blow moulding?

A

Manufactures hollow plastic products

Stick of plastic is placed into a mould and air is forced into it until the plastic thins and lines the mould

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17
Q

What is quality control?

A

Checking a product is up to expectation as certain stages during the manufacturing process

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18
Q

What is checked during quality checks?

A
  • accuracy of dimensions
  • weight
  • flammability
  • fit
  • use
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19
Q

What is ergonomics?

A

The relationship between people and the product they use

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20
Q

What is anthropometrics?

A

The study of the size of people in relations to products

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21
Q

What is CAD?

A

Computer aided design

Eg. 2D design

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22
Q

What is CAM?

A

Computer aided manufacturing

Eg. Laser cutter

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23
Q

What are the advantages of CAD/CAM?

A
  • accurate
  • storage of ideas and info
  • repetition
  • reduced labour costs
  • flexibility of where work is done
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24
Q

What are the disadvantages of CAD/CAM?

A
  • data may not be secure
  • data can become corrupt
  • expensive investment
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25
Q

What are manufactured woods?

A

Man made Wood

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26
Q

Examples of manufactured wood

A
  • MDF
  • plywood
  • chipboard
  • block board
  • hardboard
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27
Q

Examples of paper and card?

A
  • tracing
  • cartridge
  • cardboard
  • whiteboard
  • duplex board
  • foil lined board
  • corrugated board
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28
Q

What are hardwoods?

A
  • Trees that grow very slowly

- are usually deciduous

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29
Q

Give examples of hardwoods

A
  • oak
  • mahogany
  • ash
  • beech
  • sycamore
  • willow
  • teak
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30
Q

What are softwoods?

A
  • grow quickly
  • are more sustainable
  • usually coniferous/evergreen tress
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31
Q

Give examples of softwoods

A
  • pine
  • cedar
  • juniper
  • redwood
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32
Q

What are ferrous metals?

A

Metals that contain iron, rust easily

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33
Q

Give examples of ferrous metals

A
  • cast iron
  • mild steel
  • high carbon steel
  • stainless steel
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34
Q

What are non ferrous metals?

A

Metals that don’t contain iron

35
Q

Give examples of non ferrous metals

A
  • copper
  • aluminium
  • lead
  • zinc
  • tin
36
Q

What are alloys?

A

A mix of two metals, giving the final metal more properties

37
Q

What are the advantages of alloys?

A
  • change melting points
  • change the colour
  • change electrical/thermal properties
  • increases strength, hardness and ductility
38
Q

What are thermoplastics?

A

Plastics that can be heated and moduled over and over again

Important characteristic can be lost the more they are changed

39
Q

Give examples of thermoplastics

A
  • high density polythene (HDPE)
  • low density polythene (LDPE)
  • polypropylene
  • high impact polystyrene (HIPS)
  • NYLON
  • acrylic
  • polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
40
Q

What is a thermosetting plastic?

A

Once moulded, it can’t be reheated and remoulded this is because the polymer chains are so tightly linked, nothing can weaken them again

41
Q

Give examples of thermosetting plastics

A
  • epoxy resin
  • melamine formaldehyde
  • polyester resin
  • urea formaldehyde
42
Q

What is market pull?

A

The inspiration for new products coming from the needs/demands of society

43
Q

What is technology push?

A

When new advancements and discoveries in technology mean new, more modern products can be made

44
Q

What does it mean when a product is obsolete?

A

The company purposefully minimises the life of the product so that customers come back and buy another one

45
Q

Give examples of equipment you would find in a school workshop

A
  • laser cutter
  • hegner saw (the scary one)
  • tenon saw (regular saw)
  • pillar drill
  • coping saw (thin saw)
  • files
46
Q

What are product miles?

A

How far a product has travelled from the very first step of it being manufactured to being in the ownership of the customer

47
Q

What is carbon footprint?

A

The amount of carbon dioxide have been released during the manufacturing of the product

48
Q

What is fair trade?

A

When a product is made by workers who are treated and paid equally

49
Q

Give examples of ways to group people for target market

A
  • age
  • gender
  • job
  • hobbies
  • wealth
50
Q

How to get customers to recognise and remember your product through branding?

A
  • logos
  • memorable graphics
  • colours
  • slogans
  • celebrity endorsement
51
Q

What should an effective logo include?

A
  • simplicity
  • should be timeless
  • should be versatile and work in different sizes and colours
  • should be appropriate to the target market
52
Q

What is brand development?

A

Creating a strong product identity that will appeal to customers

53
Q

What are different forms of advertising a product?

A
  • magazine adverts
  • TV adverts
  • online pop ups
  • leaflets and flyers
  • point of sale
  • packaging
  • digital media
54
Q

What is market research?

A

Researching what your customers want from your product and how it will sell well

55
Q

How can customers give feedback on a product?

A
  • questionnaires
  • paper surveys
  • online surveys
  • interviews
  • focus groups
  • product testing
56
Q

What is MDF?

A

A manufactured wood that is used to make display cabinets, wall panels and storage units
-it has no grains or knots and is strong, stiff and heavy

57
Q

What is oak?

A

A hardwood used for interior woodwork and good quality furniture
-strong, hard and tough

58
Q

What is high density polythene? (HDPE)

A

A thermoplastic that can be used for pipes and water bottles

-recyclable, stiff, strong, tough, resistant to chemicals and moisture

59
Q

Why is cast iron?

A

A ferrous metals that is used in cars and cooking pots because of its resistance to wear
-melting point of 1200*, corrodes through rusting, strong exterior

60
Q

What is pine?

A

A softwood used for furniture, flooring and window frames

-it’s soft, light, straight grained, resistant to shrinking or swelling

61
Q

What is corrugated card?

A

A card used for packaging and point of sale stands

-strong and light, available in different thicknesses

62
Q

What is plywood?

A

A manufactured board used for furniture, flooring and garden furniture due to it being waterproof
-strong, can be used inside or out, chemical resistance, high impact resistance

63
Q

What is mahogany?

A

A hardwood used for furniture, boats and musical instruments
-it is strong, durable and pretty

64
Q

What is epoxy resin?

A

A thermosetting plastic used as paint due to the protective layers it creates
-incredibly strong, chemical resistant, watertight and good as an insulator

65
Q

What is copper?

A

A non ferrous metals that is used for wiring and coins

-it is soft, malleable, ductile and has very high thermal and electrical conductivity

66
Q

What is high impact polystyrene? (HIPS)

A

A thermoplastic that is used for plastic helmets, shelves, food packaging and point of sale stands
-it can stand high impacts, its strong, light and sturdy

67
Q

What is stainless steel?

A

A ferrous metal used for cutlery and surgical instruments

-it has a higher corrosion resistance, is ductile, hard, strong and has an attractive appearance

68
Q

What is cedar?

A

A soft wood used for fences and pencils

-it is sustainable, light weight and durable

69
Q

What is melamine formaldehyde?

A

A thermosetting plastic used to laminate surfaces such as counters and can be used to make plastic cutlery
-it is white, odourless, exhibits great chemical and heat resistance and is unable to change shape through heating

70
Q

What is nylon?

A

A thermoplastic that is used for machine pets, ropes and parachutes
-it is strong, lightweight and can withstand water

71
Q

What is aluminium?

A

A non ferrous metal used for packaging and in many vehicles such as bikes
-it is light, strong, malleable, resistant to corrosion and a good thermal and electrical conductor

72
Q

What is willow?

A

A hardwood used for cricket bats, furniture and musical instruments
-it glued and finishes well but isn’t very strong

73
Q

What is low density polythene? (LDPE)

A

A thermoplastic used for plastic bags, tubing, bottles and computer components
-it is flexible, can be made translucent or opaque, fairly tough

74
Q

What is a tamper proof material?

A

Something on packaging that alerts the consumer if the product has been tampered with

75
Q

What is polymorph?

A

A type of dough that can be shaped into any shape and heated up to be changed

76
Q

What are thermoinks?

A

Inks that Change colour in response to change of temperature

77
Q

What are photochromic inks?

A

Inks that change colour in response to change in light intensity

78
Q

What is a stock form?

A

When a raw material is processed so it is easier to transport, manufacture and is readily available

79
Q

Wood stock forms?

A 
Planks
Strips
Veneers
Round sections
Dowells
Square sections
80
Q

Plastic stock forms

A 
Foam
Powder
Sheets
Rods
Granules
81
Q

Paper and card stock forms?

A 
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
82
Q

Metal stock forms?

A 
Wire
Rod
Square
Strip
Sheet
Bar
Tube
Angular
Hollow/channel
83
Q

Manufacturing aids?

A 
Templates
Formers
Jigs
Moulds
Dies

Product Design (1 decks)

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