Producing New Cells - National 5 Flashcards
What are the levels of structural complexity
Atom - Molecule - Organelle - Cells - Tissues - Organ - Body system - Organism
What is a tissue?
A group of specialised cells to carry out a particular function
Name 4 tissue examples
Cheek epithelial, ciliated epithelium, blood and smooth muscle
What is an organ?
Composed of several different tissues coordinated to carry out specific functions
Name 3 examples of an organ
Heart, Liver, Kidneys
What is a system?
A group of related tissues and organs
Name four examples of body systems
Respiratory system, Nervous system, Digestive system, Muscular system
What is a stem cell
Unspecialised cell
What are the roles of a stem cell?
Involved in growth and repair
Reproduce indefinitely
Develop into various types of specialised cells when required
What are the two types of stem cells
Embryonic stem cells
Tissue/Adult stem cells
What is an embryonic stem cell?
Found in the embryo and is capable of developing into any cell type
What is a Tissue/Adult stem cell?
Found in various locations in fully formed humans, they have a limited potential only allowing them to replenish the supply to a few types of specialised cells closely related to the tissue they are found in.
Give three examples that stem cells can be used for within a cultured environment
Skin grafts
Corneal repair
Bone marrow transplants in leukaemia cases
What is cell division?
The division of one cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material
What is mitosis?
The process which the nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei receiving the same number of chromosomes found in the original nucleus
