Producing New Cells Flashcards
What is the first stage of mitosis?
chromosomes uncoil and replicate forming pairs of chromatids
What’s the second stage of mitosis?
Nuclear membrane disintegrates and spindle fibres form
What’s the 3 stage of mitosis?
Chromatids line up along the equator of the cell
What’s the 4 stage of mitosis
Spindle fibres contract pulling pairs of chromatids apart
CHROMOSOMES move to opposite poles of the cell
What’s the 5 stage of mitosis
nuclear membrane forms
What’s the 6 stage of mitosis
cytoplasm divides forming 2 daughter cells
definition of mitosis
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What is mitosis?
Is the process of separation of replicated chromosomes into new daughter cells.
What is a chromatid?
One of two complete copies of a chromosome attached to each other during mitosis.
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells in animals which can divide in order to self-renew. They have the potential to become different types of cell. They are involved in growth and repair.
What is a system in biological terms?
A group of organs which work together.
What does specialisation of cells lead to?
It leads to the formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs.
What is diploid?
Two sets of matching chromosomes in one cell.
What is hierarchy in biological organization?
The order of the different levels of complexity from cells to systems.
What is meant by chromosome complement?
The number of chromosomes typical of a particular species.
What is mitosis controlled by?
Nucleus
Why is important that during mitosis, two identical daughter cells are produced This process is known as mitosis which contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
This is important so that they maintain the diploid chromosome complement and so have the exact same genetic information as the mother cell and the cell can carry out the same functions as the parent cell.
What is a haploid cell?
contains 1 set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
Contains 2 matching sets of chromosomes
Why is mitosis important?
- Mitosis provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues and replacement of dead or damaged cells
- Mitosis also maintains the diploid chromosome complement
Why is important for the new cells produced to be identical to the original cell?
So that no genetic information is lost.
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells involved in growth and repair. They are responsible for the production of specialised cells in animals.
They have the ability to become any type of cell.
What are the types of stem cells?
Embryonic ( any type of cell)
Tissue (cells found in the tissues)
