producing new cells

Question 1

mitosis function

Answer 1

when parent cell divides to produce 2 identical tissues

Question 2

diploid

Answer 2

2 matching sets of chromosomes

Question 3

cell division

Answer 3

provides new cells for growth, repairs damaged tissues and replaces dead or damaged cells

Question 4

chromatid

Answer 4

2 threads in chromosomes that have replicated info

Question 5

explain chromosome compliment

Answer 5

haploid is single with half the number of cells in a diploid cell
diploid cell 2 matching sets of chromosomes which is double the cells in haploid

Question 6

to obtain full set of genetic info…

Answer 6

each daughter cell has same diploid chromosome complement as original parent cell

Question 7

stage 1

Answer 7

• chromosomes appear as fine threads through nucleus
• each chromosomes double to become chromatid

Question 8

stage 2

Answer 8

• chromosomes continue to shorten
• 2 identical chromatids joined at centromere

Question 9

stage 3

Answer 9

• chromosomes line up at equator
• nuclear membrane disappears

Question 10

stage 4

Answer 10

• chromatids pulled apart by contraction of spindle fibres

Question 11

stage 5

Answer 11

• chromatids are the new chromosomes and clump together at poles of new cells
• nuclear membrane forms

Question 12

stage 6

Answer 12

• cytoplasm divides
• chromosomes become less distinct
• 2 new daughter cells formed

Question 13

stem cells

Answer 13

UNSPECIALISED cells which can divide indefinitely to self-renew
- involved in growth and repair of damaged tissues
- potential to become and type of cell in body

Question 14

embryonic stem cells

Answer 14

give rise to all cells in animal body

Question 15

hierarchy

Answer 15

cells –> tissues –> organs –> systems

Question 16

specialised plant cell + function + feature

Answer 16

1. root hair cell, absorbs water from soil, long finger like projections
2. guard cells, control opening and closing of stomata, sausage shaped with chloroplast
3. epidermal cells, protection, thin flat and transparent
4. mesophyll cells, site of photosynthesis, contain chloroplasts

Question 17

animal cell + function + feature

Answer 17

1. red blood cell, transport oxygen, biconcave no nucleus haemoglobin large sa
2. neurons, carry nerve impulses to diff body parts, long axon
3. ovum, carries genetic info and fuses w sperm cell to produce zygote, composed of cytoplasm
4. sperm cells, carries genetic info, tail allows sperm to swim
5. stem cells, divide to produce new cells that become specialised, unspecialised cells capable of repeatedly dividing

Question 18

tissues

Answer 18

similar specialised cells which group together to preform particular function

Question 19

organs

Answer 19

tissues working together to form an organ which will preform specialised task

Question 20

system

Answer 20

organs which work together to carry a particular job

Question 21

why does the new cells produced have to be identical to original cell

Answer 21

so no genetic info lost and have full set of instructions for growth and development