Producing Data

Question 1

Sample Survey

Answer 1

Participants provide the data/responses

Question 2

Observational Study

Answer 2

Experimenter observes the participants and records the data or variables of interest

Question 3

Experiment

Answer 3

Experimenter deliberately “imposes a treatment” on the units in order to observe a response

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

Entire group of individuals that we are looking do describe

Question 5

Population Parameter

Answer 5

Number used to model or describe a population (uses greek letters)

Question 6

Census

Answer 6

Entire population is sampled

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

Smaller group of individuals selected from the population

Question 8

Voluntary Response Sampling

Answer 8

Groups of individuals are invited to respond and data is collected

Question 9

Convenience Sampling

Answer 9

Sample those who are convenient to us

Question 10

Bias

Answer 10

Certain outcomes or views are systematically favored over others

Question 11

Measurement Bias

Answer 11

Data or measuring of data is not accurate or doesn’t represent all views

Question 12

Response Bias

Answer 12

Anything in survey design that influences responses (eg. wording)

Question 13

Non Response Bias

Answer 13

Those selected do not respond

Question 14

Undercoverage Bias

Answer 14

Some segments of the population are underrepresented or aren’t represented properly (result of bad sampling frame)

Question 15

Sampling Frame

Answer 15

Group from which you’re selecting your sample

Question 16

Simple Random Sample

Answer 16

Number everyone in sampling frame, use random digit table to select random units

Question 17

Systematic Random Sampling

Answer 17

Select every nth unit - Where to start? (pop size / sample size) = n R p, select random 1-(n+p), start with that

Question 18

Stratified Random Sampling

Answer 18

Break population into classes (strata), conduct SRS within each group

Question 19

Quota Sampling

Answer 19

Similar to Stratified Random Sampling, but number of selected units from each strata is based on percentage of population that strata takes up

Question 20

Cluster Sampling

Answer 20

Select everything geographically close

Question 21

Multistage Cluster Sampling

Answer 21

Survey US pop -> Select 5 states -> 3 counties in each state -> 4 blocks in each county -> everyone on block surveyed