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Penn Foster Pharmacology 1 Proctor > Proctor Exam > Flashcards

Proctor Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Indications

A

Reason for GIVING a drug to a patient

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2
Q

Contraindications

A

Reason for NOT giving a drug to a patient

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3
Q

Prescription (legend) Drug

A

Must be regulated by the FDA, and may have the ability to cause harm if not given appropriately.

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4
Q

Prescription Label Statment

A

“Caution: Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian”

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5
Q

Veterinary-client-patient relationship (VCPR)

A

1) Vet has assumed responsibility for making clinical judgement about the health of the animal and need for treatment, 2) Client has agreed to follow the veterinarians instructions, 3) Vet has sufficient knowledge of the animal to issue a diagnosis, must have recently seen the animal, 4) Must be available for follow-up evaluations of the patient.

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6
Q

Regimen

A

Kind of drug
Route
Dosage
Frequency
Duration

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7
Q

TID

A

three times day

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8
Q

QID

A

four times a day

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9
Q

BID

A

two times a day

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10
Q

Pharmocokinetics

A

Series of events that occurs once a drug has been administered. Can have limitations depending on the route it was given

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11
Q

PO- Oral

A

Not ideal of animals with vomiting/diarrhea, some have bad tasteIV

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12
Q

IV- Intravenous

A

Takes affect almost immediately, doesn’t las as long as other routes,

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13
Q

IM- Intramuscular

A

Can be painful, absorbed slower than IV but absorbed quicker the SQ

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14
Q

SQ- Subcutaneous

A

Given beneath the skin, slowest route of absorption, longest duration

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15
Q

ID- Intradermal

A

into the skin, used to test allergies

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16
Q

IP- Intraperitoneal

A

Injection into the abdominal cavity

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17
Q

IA- Intraarterial

A

into the artery

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18
Q

Intraarticular

A

into the joint

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19
Q

IC- Intracardiac

A

into the heart-mostly used for CPR, euthanasia

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20
Q

Intramedullary

A

into the bone marrow cavity

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21
Q

Epidural

A

into the spine

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22
Q

Subdural

A

near the spine

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23
Q

Nebulizer

A

used to inhale a drug by a fine mist

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24
Q

Metered-dose inhaler

A

admin by using a handheld devise that fits over the animals nose/mouth

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25
Q

Anesthetic Gas

A

Gaseous forms given with a vaporizer (isoflurane, sevoflurane)

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26
Q

Transdermal

A

drugs placed on the skin- drugs should always be worn to prevent accidental exposure

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27
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Drugs from one compartment of the body moves from areas of high-low concentration

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28
Q

Bioavailability

A

measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to the patient

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29
Q

Water-soluble drugs

A

dissolve in water, tend to stay in blood stream, can be bound to various proteins like albumin or stay free

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30
Q

Lipid- soluble drugs

A

absorbed by fat, tend to move out of the bloodstream into interstitial fluid (space between the organs and tissues)

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31
Q

Storage sites for fat soluble drugs

A

Fat, Liver, Kidneys, and Bone

32
Q

Placenta

A

organ that connects a growing fetus to the mothers uterus, May interfere with absorption of certain drugs

33
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

May interfere with absorption of certain drugs

34
Q

Drug excretion

A

removal of drugs, primarily through the liver- via bile, or the kidneys- via urine

35
Q

Possible drug excretion

A

Mammary glands- breast milk, lungs, GI Tract, sweat glands, saliva, or through the skin

36
Q

Residue

A

drugs that appear in an animals milk or meat products

37
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the mechanism by which drugs produce physiological changes

38
Q

Efficacy

A

degree to which a drugs produces its desired affect. once reached giving more drug wont produce more affect

39
Q

Potency

A

amount of drug needed to produce the desired affect- represented by a dose on a dose dose-response curve

40
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose, lethal to 50% of the animals given the drug

41
Q

ED50

A

Effective dose, produces desired affect in 50% of the animals given the durg

42
Q

Therapeutic index

A

LD50/ED50

43
Q

Adverse reaction

A

an undesired response to a drug

44
Q

Formulary

A

book that contains drug dosages and a listing of adverse reactions

45
Q

Proprietary

A

Trade Name of a drug

46
Q

Generic

A

Unpatented copy of a drug

47
Q

Drug labels must contain

A

Both drug names
concentration/quantity
name/address of manufacturer
Controlled substance status
Control/lot number
Expiration date

48
Q

EPA

A

Environmental protection agency- regulates the development and approval of animal topical pesticides

49
Q

DEA

A

Drug enforcement agency- concerned with regulating substances that can be abused by humans. Must be licensed to dispense such drugs

50
Q

DEA records

A

Date of prescription
Owner/Patient name
Drug name
Quantity/strength
Initial of dispensing doctor

51
Q

USDA

A

Unites states department of agricultare- regulates the development and approval of biologics (vaccines, serums, antitoxins etc)

52
Q

AMDUCA

A

Animal Medicinal drug use clarification act- made the extra label use of approved veterinary drugs legal under certain well defined conditions– Very important law

53
Q

Six rights of Administration

A

Right patient
right drug
right dose
right route
right frequency/time
right documentation

54
Q

Emulsions

A

milky solutions containing the drug, dont mix needs to be shaken

55
Q

Elixirs

A

held in solution by alcohol, contains flavoring and sweeeners

56
Q

Slip tip syringe

A

most common in vet med

57
Q

Luer lock syringe

A

screw top that secures needle in place

58
Q

Eccentric tip syringe

A

used when injecting large volumes, the hub is off center to allow the needle to go parallel to the vein

59
Q

Catheter tip syringe

A

good for oral feedings, or feeding with catheters

60
Q

IV Catheter

A

Placed into the vein - allows for repeated injections, IV fluid therapy

61
Q

Butterfly catheter

A

used for short term iv fluid therapy, blood draws

62
Q
A
63
Q

Endotracheal tubes

A

Placed into the trachea
Controlled ventilation
Anesthesia

64
Q

Endotracheal tubes

A

Placed into the trachea
Controlled ventilation
Anesthesia

65
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Used to calm or quit a patient

66
Q

Phenothiazine tranquilizers

A

Acepromazine, chlorpromazine
Produce sedation without analgesia

67
Q

Neuroleptanalgesics

A

Combination of an opioid and tranquilizers. Produce state of reduces awareness and analgesia

68
Q

Neuroleptanalgesics use

A

Restraint, diagnostics, preanesthetic, minor surgical procedure

69
Q

Behavior pharmacotherapy

A

Use of drugs to treat various behavioral problems. Combined with environmental and behavioral management

70
Q

Antianxiety medications

A

Relieve anxiety in animals
May cause: lethargy, ataxia, Polyuria, polydipsia, hyper-excitable, and liver problems in cats

71
Q

Antidepressant medications

A

Block reputable of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain
Side effects: sedation, tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth, urine retention, constipation

72
Q

Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors

A

Increase the amount of serotonin in the brain by preventing removal
Side effects: anorexia, nausea, lethargy, anxiety, and diarrhea

73
Q

Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor

A

Blocked the enzyme monoamine oxidase resulting in increased levels of dopamine

Canine cognitive distinction syndrome, decreased or altered responsiveness , decreased or altered greeting behavior

74
Q

Inotropic drugs

A

Affect force/strength of a heart contraction
Positive- improves strength
Negative- decreases strength

75
Q

Chronotropic drugs

A

Affect heart rate
Positive- increase heart rate
Negative- decrease heart rate

76
Q

Emetics

A

Penn Foster Pharmacology 1 Proctor (1 decks)

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