Processes Within Schools

Question 1

Examples of processes

Answer 1

Teacher labelling
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Pupil subcultures

Question 2

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Answer 2

Gave an IQ test to students and told their teachers the names of the students who showed great potential even though the names were unrelated, those children were intern treated differently by the teacher and intern did better academically

Question 3

Rist

Answer 3

Ray Rist 1970 observed labelling in Acton by kindergarten teachers. She assigned students as fast and slow readers based on the their cleanliness, accent and parents social class. The teacher then intern paid more attention to the ‘fast’ kids

Question 4

Cicourel and Kitsuse

Answer 4

Aaron Cicourel and John Kitsuse 1971 studies high school career advisors who directed students towards different courses and careers influenced by their social class.

Question 5

David Hargreaves

Answer 5

Hargreaves noted that in a secondary school, boys were assigned to A or B streams more on the basis of behaviour than ability. Better teachers were assigned to A streams and expected more from the pupils

Question 6

Nell Kenddie

Answer 6

Keddie 1973 was interested in variations in the curriculum offered to comprehensive students once assigned to different groups. Lower class students were given more practical lessons while middle class students given higher level information lessons

Question 7

Stephen ball

Answer 7

1981 Ball noted that dividing students into broad ability bands when they entered the school was based on reports from primary schools, so that the bands tended to reflect the pupils social origins

Question 8

Pupil subcultures

Answer 8

Groups of students share some values, norms and behaviour which give them a sense of identity and provide them with statues through peer-group affirmation

Question 9

The hidden curriculum

Answer 9

Teaching materials either ignored girls and non-European cultures or present them stereotypically.