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yr 8 topics > processes > Flashcards

processes Flashcards

1
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

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2
Q

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

A

The digestive system

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3
Q

In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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4
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water

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5
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater; the limewater turns cloudy.

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6
Q

The word “aerobic” indicates the presence of which gas?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

A

joules, J

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8
Q

How many joules are there in 1 kilojoule?

A

1000J

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9
Q

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

A

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

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10
Q

If a food is high in energy, which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

A

Lipids/fats, carbohydrates

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11
Q

List the 7 nutrients needed by the human body

A

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

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12
Q

Foods high in which group help repair muscles?

A

Protein

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13
Q

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

A

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

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14
Q

Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?

A

C

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15
Q

Give 2 sources of vitamin C

A

Fruit and vegetables

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16
Q

Rice, potato and bread are good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

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17
Q

Meat, fish and nuts are good sources of

A

Protein

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18
Q

Sugar and starch are both types of

A

Carbohydrate

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19
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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20
Q

When testing for starch what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Brown to black

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21
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

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22
Q

When testing for sugar what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to red

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23
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of protein?

A

Biuret

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24
Q

When testing for protein what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to purple

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25
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of fats?

A

Ethanol

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26
Q

When testing for fats what change indicates a positive result?

A

Cloudy emulsion formed

27
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use

28
Q

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

A

In the mouth

29
Q

List the organs the food will travel through on its way through the digestive system

A

Mouth, oesophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

30
Q

Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?

A

Carbohydrate

31
Q

Where does digestion of protein take place?

A

Stomach, small intestine

32
Q

Where does digestion of lipids take place?

A

Small intestine

33
Q

Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?

A

Pancreas

34
Q

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

Provides the right pH for the protease enzymes; kills bacteria

35
Q

What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?

A

Neutralise the acid which was added to food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Break down (emulsify) fat

36
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

37
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

38
Q

The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is…

A

The small intestine

39
Q

During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into

A

Glucose

40
Q

During digestion, protein is broken down into

A

Amino acid

41
Q

During digestion, lipids are broken down into

A

Fatty acid and glycerol

42
Q

Which enzyme digest protein?

A

Protease

43
Q

Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

44
Q

Which enzyme digests fats?

A

Lipase

45
Q

Why is fibre not digested in the body?

A

Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre

46
Q

Why are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?

A

They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion

47
Q

What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?

A

Digest food we cannot (e.g. cellulose) to give us essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin K)

48
Q

In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place

A

The large intestine

49
Q

How is the small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?

A

Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to a lower concentration in the blood.

50
Q

What are the optimum conditions for amylase?

A

Neutral pH, 37 degreesC

51
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?

A

It is denatured

52
Q

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

53
Q

The trachea divides into two ________. These then divide into __________

A

Bronchi. Bronchioles

54
Q

What are the air sacs at the end of each bronchiole called?

A

Alveoli

55
Q

Breathing in and out is also known as…

A

ventilation

56
Q

When we inhale, the volume inside the thorax ____________ so the pressure inside the thorax _____________

A

Increases. Decreases.

57
Q

When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?

A

upward

58
Q

What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?

A

Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick

59
Q

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in cells

A

glucose -> lactic acid

60
Q

Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic

61
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?

A

Fermentation

62
Q

Give an example of where fermentation is used

A

Brewing or baking

63
Q

What are the products of the fermentation reaction?

A

Ethanol, carbon dioxide

yr 8 topics (5 decks)

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