Processes

Question 1

It is associated with the energy originating in the interior of the solid Earth.

Answer 1

Endogenic processes

Question 2

The ground we live on is moving all the time and the
forces within the Earth that cause the ground to move are called

Answer 2

Endogenic forces

Question 3

happens when a magma is generated and develops into igneous (magmatic) rocks
•The process can take place either under the surface or on the surface of Earth.

Answer 3

Magmatism

Question 4

Process of changing the materials that
make up a rock.
• Chemical components and geologic characteristics of the rock changed due to heat and pressure that are increasing or decreasing.

Answer 4

Metamorphism

Question 5

• Process that usually happens after the magma is formed.
• Magma tries to escape from the source through openings such as volcanoes or existing cracks on the ground.
• As soon as magma reaches the surface of the earth it is now called lava

Answer 5

Volcanism (plutonism)

Question 6

Endogenic processes

Answer 6

Mag,atism
Metamorphism
Volcanism

Question 7

Types of weathering

Answer 7

Physical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering

Question 8

is the breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock fractures. This can occur due to changes, whether sudden or not, in temperature, pressure, etc.

Answer 8

Physical weathering

Question 9

is the process by w/c rocks break down by chemical reactions.
New or secondary minerals develop and sometimes replace the original properties of the minerals in the original rock or soil.

Answer 9

Chemical weathering

Question 10

the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by plants, animals, and microbes.
Living organisms contribute to the weathering process in many ways.

Answer 10

Biological weathering

Question 11

The process of the —— moves rock debris or soil from
one place to another. This process takes place when there is rainfall, surface runoff, flowing rivers, flooding, freezing, hurricanes, etc.

Answer 11

Erosion

Question 12

The movement of large masses of materials (rock debris, soil, and mud) down a slope or a steep-sided hill or mountain due to pull of gravity. This process is very destructive in areas with increased waterflow.

Answer 12

Mass wasting

Question 13

-any change in the shape of size of a rock as a response to stress
-may occur by either folding or faulting

Answer 13

Deformation

Question 14

Kinds of faulting

Answer 14

Normal fault
Reverse fault
Strike-slip fault

Question 15

in rocks occur when they are subjected to tectonic forces from opposite sides.

Answer 15

Folding

Question 16

causes squeezing, tensional stress causes, stretching, and shearing stress causes side-to-side movement.

Answer 16

Compressional stress

Question 17

is the result of the fracture or displacement of rock layer along a fault plane. Normal fault, reverse fault, and strike-slip fault are the types of fault.

Answer 17

Faulting

Question 18

gradual movement of continents over time (Alfred Wegener)

Answer 18

Continental drift

Question 19

a single landmass where continents came from

Answer 19

Pangaea

Question 20

the movement of the lower molten layer that causes the plates to shift

Answer 20

Plate tectonics

Question 21

Scientists estimate that the continents move anywhere from ———— to ——— per year.

Answer 21

One centimeter
Several inches

Question 22

7 major plates

Answer 22

•African Plate •Antarctic Plate •Eurasian Plate •Indo-Australian Plate •Pacific Plate
•South American Plate •North American Plate

Question 23

•It occurs at divergent plate boundaries. As tectonic plates slowly move away from each other, heat from the mantle’s convection currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense. The less-dense material rises, often forming a mountain or elevated area of the seafloor.

Answer 23

Seafloor spreading

Question 24

spreads 2 to 5 cm per year.

Answer 24

Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 25

spreads rapidly at a rate of about 6 to 16 cm per year

Answer 25

East pacific rise