Process Theories

Question 1

What are the 4 process theories

Answer 1

Equity/Adams Theory.
Expectancy Theory,
Locke’s Goal setting theory
Inner work life theory

Question 2

What are the cons of Equity/Adams Theory (1963).

Answer 2

Subjective perception
(therefore)
Difficult to measure - many factors involved

Inequity tolerated in different ways

Whats the reference point

Question 3

What is Motivation

Answer 3

“…the driving force within individuals that affect his/ her direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behaviour” (Bratton et al., 2007)

the reason / reasons you behave a certain way.

Question 4

What is the equation for Expectancy Theory (Vroom, 1964).

Answer 4

F = V x I x E

motivational force = valency x instrumentality x expectancy

Question 5

What are the pros of Equity/Adams Theory (1963)

Answer 5

Importance of over and under reward - equal/just reward

Perceived equity/ inequity

Question 6

Benefits of Expectancy theory (1964)

Answer 6

Offering valued reward - V

Training re effort and performance - I

Must be clear effort-reward link - E

Question 7

Cons of Expectancy theory (1964)

Answer 7

Assumption that behaviour is rational/logical

Aware of our own motives
don’t necessarily need new motives

Question 8

What is Adams theory (1963)

How does it impact motivation

Answer 8

Based on being fairly treated and whether or not someone feels that they get more, or less, than they think they deserve,
this impacts how motivated someone is at doing their job

e.g. underpaid worker may not work as hard - if someone feels overpaid they may work harder.

Question 9

What are the 4 Goal-setting theory propositions (Locke, 1990)

Answer 9

1. Challenging Goals
2. Specific Goals
3. Participation/Action
4. Feedback of Results

Question 10

Challenging Goals _____

Answer 10

lead to higher levels of performance

difficult goals encourage us to improve

Question 11

Specific Goals _____

Answer 11

lead to higher levels of performance

easier to adjust behaviour when we know what is precisely required from us.

Question 12

Participation in Goal-setting _____

Answer 12

improves performance by increasing commitment

goals that can be explained and justified adequately lead to higher performance

Question 13

What does inner work life theory entail.

Answer 13

Based on emotions and how they can impact motivation depending on what experience you have