Process Safety Flashcards
Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
How toxicants enters into organism?
Ingestion Injection Inhalation
Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called….
Threshold Limit Value
Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of……
Industrial Hygiene
Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as
Confined Explosion
………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases
Explosion
…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.
Fire point
Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..
Ambient Heat, Valve Failures
For material handling which is wrong
statement………
Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available.
Which of the following is not Guide
word of HAZOP
NAND
for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound
Deflagration
Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working envrionment?
OSHA
The MIE depends on the
specific chemical or
mixture
the concentration
pressure and
temperature
PHA stands fo
Process Hazard Analaysis
Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..
Safety
Review/Audit/Inspecti
on
HAZAN HAZOP
Hazard is defined as the probability of
suffering harm or loss
HAZAN study includes
Estimate how often an
incident will occur.
Steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or
reduce risk to an
acceptable level.
It is centered around the
hazard analysis and
functional based safety
process
OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with _________
PPE
Process of adding inert gas to
combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen
below limiting
oxygen concentration (LOC)
inerting
Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………
Under atmospheric
pressur
An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas
Mechanical Explosion
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.
Toxicological
The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass
through orifices
________ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion
The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source
Fire Triangle
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference
What are the steps involved in
evaluation of toxicity?
Hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation
ED Stands for
Effective Dose
OSHA is part of the ___________
department of labour
US
The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……
Prevent the release of HW
During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.
Evaluation
___________ establishes the
relationship between the
contaminant/s of concern and the
receptor.
Toxicity assessment
Which of the following is not
characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
Results from long-term exposure to
lower doses of a chemical is known
as ________
Chronic Toxicity
Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease
from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium
and Cyanide effects _________
Nervous system
______ represents a contact
between a chemical agent and an
object.
Exposure
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a
Safe Workplace
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
How is sensitivity analysed in risk
estimation?
By critical assumptions
An incident can be called hazardous
only when
Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems
What is the main purpose of hazard
identification?
To characterize adverse
effect of toxins
Doses are expressed on a
_________ basis.
Body-weight
Major application of dose-response
curve is to obtain _____
Threshold
Which of the following valve is known
as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral
LD50 concentration should be
_______ mg/kg.
2500
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
The gauge pressure during normal
service, usually 10% below the
MAWP known as
Operating Pressure
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site
Pressure relief systems are required
for which of the following reasons
to protect personnel
from the dangers of
overpressurizing
equipment
to minimize chemical
losses during pressure
upsets,
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short term
exposure
Estimation of short-term and long
term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.
Reasonable worst case
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
Elements of safe chemical storage
program consist of
Inventory of
Chemicals
Labeling of Chemicals
Segregating Incompatibles
The toxicological end point for dose
response relationship should be
_________
Definitive
The FAR reports the number of
fatalities based on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetime. The
employees are assumed to work a
total of 50 years.
FAR
What is the main goal of risk management
Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population
The father of occupational medicine
who said a doctor should always ask
a patient of what trade are you is said
to be
Dr. Ramazzini
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
_____
A dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population
The last step of accident process
Termination
The pressure difference between the
relief set pressure and the relief
reseating pressure. It is expressed as
a percentage of the set pressure.
Blowdown
What is the most common approach
used to asses skin exposure to a
contaminant
using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin
The ACGIH TLVs
are science based
If three of the following are said to be
exposure limits for chemical X, which
one is likely to be the ceiling limit
1000 ppm
Who had a large influence on
American OHS regulation in the early
part of the 20th century, and who also
wrote exploring the dangerous trade
dr. Alice Hamilton
The most well known OEls are
established by
ACGIH
The definition of the ACGIH
TLV_STELs refer to certain health
effects that must be avoided. these do
not include
carcinogenicity
Which organization is widely
recognized around the world as
setting exposure limits for ionizing
radiation
International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets
standards for
ionizing radiation
Which is not one of the main forms in
which chemicals are present in the
workplace
fibers
the two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are
inflammation and
corrosion
For any given chemical, a high LD 50
value generally means
low toxicity
Who said it is the dose only that
makes a thing not a poison
Paracelsus
Chemicals cause two main
local effects and
poisoning
If the dose response curves of three
chemicals are shown on the same
graph, the one which intersects the x
axis (dose) at the lowest dose is
the most poisonous
Which is not a chemical known to
specifically damage the kidney
vinyl chloride
a dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
s shaped or sigmoidal curve
the most common type of LD 50 test
involves
an oral dose
Which statement about ingestion as a
route of entry into the workers body by
workplace chemicals is incorrect
ingestion is usually
a significant way in
which chemicals gain
entry into the body
An example of a workplace chemical
that can damage the kidneys
specifically is
lead salts
Which is not one of the four main
types of skin exposures
radiological
What violations are most commonly
cited by OSHA
Fall protection
What is the leading cause of death on
construction sites?
falls
Rubber insulating gloves need to be
tested:
Before first use and
then every 6 months
Which of the following is not a
chemical-related health hazard?
reactivity
A container holding a hazardous
material must include which of the
following as of June 15, 2014:
none of the above
The reliability analysis in process
industry is done by which of the
following?
Fault tree analysis
If you transfer chemicals from a
labeled container to a portable
container, you don’t need to comply
with standard hazardous material
labeling requirements when:
None of the above
In what year was the first American
state workers compensation act
passed
1911
this American federal act was the first
know legal adoption of standards for
allowable concentrations of chemicals
in workplace air
Walsh-healey Public
Contract Act
In what year did the US federal
government first pass a workers
compensation act for some civil
employees
1908
