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Process Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?

A

HAZOP

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2
Q

How toxicants enters into organism?

A

Ingestion Injection Inhalation

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3
Q

Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called….

A

Threshold Limit Value

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4
Q

Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of……

A

Industrial Hygiene

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5
Q

Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.

A

Exothermic oxidation

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6
Q

An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as

A

Confined Explosion

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6
Q

………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases

A

Explosion

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7
Q

…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.

A

Fire point

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8
Q

Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..

A

Ambient Heat, Valve Failures

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9
Q

For material handling which is wrong
statement………

A

Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available.

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10
Q

Which of the following is not Guide
word of HAZOP

A

NAND

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10
Q

for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound

A

Deflagration

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10
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working envrionment?

A

OSHA

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11
Q

The MIE depends on the

A

specific chemical or
mixture

the concentration

pressure and
temperature

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11
Q

PHA stands fo

A

Process Hazard Analaysis

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11
Q

Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..

A

Safety
Review/Audit/Inspecti
on
HAZAN HAZOP

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12
Q

Hazard is defined as the probability of

A

suffering harm or loss

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12
Q

HAZAN study includes

A

Estimate how often an
incident will occur.

Steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or
reduce risk to an
acceptable level.

It is centered around the
hazard analysis and
functional based safety
process

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12
Q

OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with _________

A

PPE

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12
Q

Process of adding inert gas to
combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen
below limiting
oxygen concentration (LOC)

A

inerting

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13
Q

Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………

A

Under atmospheric
pressur

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13
Q

An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas

A

Mechanical Explosion

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14
Q

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.

A

Toxicological

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14
Q

The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.

A

Hazard identification

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14
Q

Static electricity is generated when

A

mists or sprays pass
through orifices

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15
Q

________ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.

A

Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion

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16
Q

The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source

A

Fire Triangle

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16
Q

What is toxicity equivalence factor?

A

Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference

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16
Q

What are the steps involved in
evaluation of toxicity?

A

Hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation

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17
Q

ED Stands for

A

Effective Dose

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18
Q

OSHA is part of the ___________
department of labour

A

US

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18
Q

The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……

A

Prevent the release of HW

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19
Q

During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.

A

Evaluation

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20
Q

___________ establishes the
relationship between the
contaminant/s of concern and the
receptor.

A

Toxicity assessment

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20
Q

Which of the following is not
characteristics of hazardous waste?

A

Leakage

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21
Q

Results from long-term exposure to
lower doses of a chemical is known
as ________

A

Chronic Toxicity

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22
Q

Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease
from Bhopal gas tragedy?

A

Methylisocyanate

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23
Q

Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium
and Cyanide effects _________

A

Nervous system

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23
Q

______ represents a contact
between a chemical agent and an
object.

A

Exposure

24
Q

Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a

A

Safe Workplace

25
Q

OSHA was created to _________

A

To reduce hazards

25
Q

How is sensitivity analysed in risk
estimation?

A

By critical assumptions

26
Q

An incident can be called hazardous
only when

A

Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems

27
Q

What is the main purpose of hazard
identification?

A

To characterize adverse
effect of toxins

28
Q

Doses are expressed on a
_________ basis.

A

Body-weight

28
Q

Major application of dose-response
curve is to obtain _____

A

Threshold

28
Q

Which of the following valve is known
as a safety valve?

A

Pressure relief valve

29
Q

When did Seveso accident occur?

A

1976

30
Q

A waste to be called toxic, acute oral
LD50 concentration should be
_______ mg/kg.

A

2500

31
Q

What is chronic toxicity?

A

Effects due to long term exposure

31
Q

The gauge pressure during normal
service, usually 10% below the
MAWP known as

A

Operating Pressure

32
Q

Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?

A

To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site

32
Q

Pressure relief systems are required
for which of the following reasons

A

to protect personnel
from the dangers of
overpressurizing
equipment

to minimize chemical
losses during pressure
upsets,

32
Q

Hazard identification mainly focus on

A

Chemical source and concentration

32
Q

What is acute toxicity?

A

Effects due to short term
exposure

33
Q

Estimation of short-term and long
term exposure are usually in terms of

A

Doses by exposure rate

34
Q

Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?

A

Exposure assessment

34
Q

For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.

A

Reasonable worst case

34
Q

What is the final stage of risk assessment?

A

Risk characterisation

35
Q

Elements of safe chemical storage
program consist of

A

Inventory of
Chemicals

Labeling of Chemicals

Segregating Incompatibles

35
Q

The toxicological end point for dose
response relationship should be
_________

A

Definitive

35
Q

The FAR reports the number of
fatalities based on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetime. The
employees are assumed to work a
total of 50 years.

A

FAR

35
Q

What is the main goal of risk management

A

Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population

36
Q

The father of occupational medicine
who said a doctor should always ask
a patient of what trade are you is said
to be

A

Dr. Ramazzini

36
Q

LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
_____

A

A dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population

36
Q

The last step of accident process

A

Termination

36
Q

The pressure difference between the
relief set pressure and the relief
reseating pressure. It is expressed as
a percentage of the set pressure.

A

Blowdown

37
Q

What is the most common approach
used to asses skin exposure to a
contaminant

A

using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin

38
Q

The ACGIH TLVs

A

are science based

38
Q

If three of the following are said to be
exposure limits for chemical X, which
one is likely to be the ceiling limit

A

1000 ppm

38
Q

Who had a large influence on
American OHS regulation in the early
part of the 20th century, and who also
wrote exploring the dangerous trade

A

dr. Alice Hamilton

38
Q

The most well known OEls are
established by

A

ACGIH

38
Q

The definition of the ACGIH
TLV_STELs refer to certain health
effects that must be avoided. these do
not include

A

carcinogenicity

39
Q

Which organization is widely
recognized around the world as
setting exposure limits for ionizing
radiation

A

International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)

40
Q

Which is not an agent ACGIH sets
standards for

A

ionizing radiation

41
Q

Which is not one of the main forms in
which chemicals are present in the
workplace

A

fibers

42
Q

the two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are

A

inflammation and
corrosion

42
Q

For any given chemical, a high LD 50
value generally means

A

low toxicity

42
Q

Who said it is the dose only that
makes a thing not a poison

A

Paracelsus

42
Q

Chemicals cause two main

A

local effects and
poisoning

43
Q

If the dose response curves of three
chemicals are shown on the same
graph, the one which intersects the x
axis (dose) at the lowest dose is

A

the most poisonous

43
Q

Which is not a chemical known to
specifically damage the kidney

A

vinyl chloride

43
Q

a dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has

A

s shaped or sigmoidal curve

43
Q

the most common type of LD 50 test
involves

A

an oral dose

44
Q

Which statement about ingestion as a
route of entry into the workers body by
workplace chemicals is incorrect

A

ingestion is usually
a significant way in
which chemicals gain
entry into the body

44
Q

An example of a workplace chemical
that can damage the kidneys
specifically is

A

lead salts

44
Q

Which is not one of the four main
types of skin exposures

A

radiological

45
Q

What violations are most commonly
cited by OSHA

A

Fall protection

46
Q

What is the leading cause of death on
construction sites?

A

falls

47
Q

Rubber insulating gloves need to be
tested:

A

Before first use and
then every 6 months

48
Q

Which of the following is not a
chemical-related health hazard?

A

reactivity

49
Q

A container holding a hazardous
material must include which of the
following as of June 15, 2014:

A

none of the above

49
Q

The reliability analysis in process
industry is done by which of the
following?

A

Fault tree analysis

50
Q

If you transfer chemicals from a
labeled container to a portable
container, you don’t need to comply
with standard hazardous material
labeling requirements when:

A

None of the above

51
Q

In what year was the first American
state workers compensation act
passed

A

1911

51
Q

this American federal act was the first
know legal adoption of standards for
allowable concentrations of chemicals
in workplace air

A

Walsh-healey Public
Contract Act

51
Q

In what year did the US federal
government first pass a workers
compensation act for some civil
employees

A

1908

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