process of typical speech voice and swallowing

Question 1

Describe the process of typical voice production in relation to vocal fold function and an individuals control over their voice.

Answer 1

Voice:
the lungs act as a source for power (airflow creates vibration=myoelastic aerodynamic theopry) vocal folds close (adduct) this causes them to vibrate (rapid opening and closing=Bernoulli effect) in the airstream to create voice (pitch/tone, loudness, quality)
adduct-abduction are active forces by the muscles
stretching the vocal folds, makign them longer and thinner creates a higher pitch (airflow stays the same, the shape of the folds affect the pitch)
the vocal tract (including tongue, teeth and lips) acts as a filter/resonance chamber and modifies the sound that is produced

Question 2

Identify the difference between the key motor speech disorder of dysarthria and dyspraxia

Answer 2

Dysarthria: difficulty producing clear speech (individual sounds or connected speech) due to damage affecting muscle tone or coordination (paralysis, weakness, in coordination). Due to damage in central or peripheral nervous system. Clients can seem to ‘sound drunk”- extend varies from slight slurring to extreme unintelligibility

Dyspraxia/Apraxia: Neurogenic speech disorder resulting in difficulty planning speech output. No damage to muscle or other language difficulty. adult dyspraxia is acquired (child dyspraxia is a developmental disorder)

Question 3

process of swallowing

Answer 3

Swallowing: true and false vocal folds close and the larynx rises during swallowing . this creates protection of the airway
Epiglottis closes passively during swallowing as the larynx rises. (What causes the larynx to rise?)

Question 4

functions of larynx

Answer 4

voice, swallowing, epiglottis, coughing, weight bearing,

Question 5

What is a motor speech disorder

Answer 5

Speech disorders resulting from neurological impairment affecting the planning, programming, control or execution of speech.

Question 6

The phase of swallowing where food is chewed is called the :

Answer 6

Oral preparatory phase

Question 7

The phase of swallowing where the bolus moves towards the pharynx is called the:

Answer 7

oral transit phase

Question 8

The phase of swallowing where the bolus moves down the pharynx is called

Answer 8

pharyngeal phase

Question 9

The phase of swallowing where the bolus is in the esopharynx

Answer 9

Esopharyngeal phase

Question 10

The term “aphasia” is used to describe:

Answer 10

The inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions

Question 11

What are the 3 main steps of speech production?

Answer 11

• Cognitive linguistic processes (intent to communicate)
• Motor speech programming (organization of message)
• Neuromuscular execution (speech output)

Question 12

How is speech produced?

Answer 12

• Respiration – provides subglottic air pressure that is needed to set the vocal folds into vibration
• Phonation – the production of voice phonemes through vocal fold vibrations in the larynx
• Resonance – the proper placement of oral or nasal tonality into phonemes during speech
• Articulation – the shaping of the vocal airstream into phonemes
• Prosody – the melody of speech through the use of stress and intonation

Question 13

Where would you expect to see damage in fluent aphasia?

Answer 13

Wernicke’s area