Process Chemistry

Question 1

How many bonds does a carbon atom always form to reach a stable state?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What is the name of a hydrocarbon compound in which a single carbon atom bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms?

Answer 2

Methane

Question 3

What is the name of a substance made by chemically combining two or more elements?

Answer 3

Compound

Question 4

What is formed when single atoms combine with other atoms?

Answer 4

Molecule

Question 5

What is formed when two or more components are physically combined but do not chemically react?

Answer 5

Mixture

Question 6

What is a uniform mixture in which the individual substances are distributed throughout the mixture?

Answer 6

Solution

Question 7

What are the percentages of hydrochloric acid and water that are contained in a 30% HCI solution?

Answer 7

30% hydrochloric acid and 70% water

Question 8

How many ppm are in a 2% solution?

Answer 8

20,000

Question 9

What are the first 10 paraffins/alkanes?

Answer 9

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hextane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 10

What are the basics of a hydrocarbon chemical compound?

Answer 10

Hydrogen and carbon

Question 11

What is the name for paraffin compounds with rings of carbon atoms?

Answer 11

Cycloalkanes

Question 12

What are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas, known as?

Answer 12

Isomer

Question 13

What is the name for benzene derivative compounds?

Answer 13

Aromatics/arene(s)

There are 3 significant aromatics:
Benzene
Toulene
Xylene

Question 14

Define density

Answer 14

Density is the mass over volume

Question 15

Define votality

Answer 15

Votality describes how readily a substance turns from liquid/solid to a vapour

Question 16

Define boiling point

Answer 16

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas.

Example: water boils at 100degrees at atmospheric pressure

Question 17

Describe the relationship between boiling point and the molecular weight of a hydrocarbon

Answer 17

The less carbons the easier it burns (I.e methane - as this is only one carbon it’s very light). the more carbons such as octane has more carbons, meaning it’s heavier and will have to reach a higher temperature before it gets to the boiling point.

Question 18

Define flammability

Answer 18

It’s the ability of a mixture of air and fuel to sustain combustion once ignited

Question 19

Define ignition temperature

Answer 19

Is the lowest temperature at which a substance will spontaneously burn without an ignition point

Question 20

Define flash point

Answer 20

Is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will burn in air when an ignition source is present

Question 21

Define explosivity

Answer 21

Is the tendency of a system to undergo violent or explosive decomposition

Question 22

Define PH

Answer 22

It’s a measure of the alkalinity or acid of a solution

Question 23

Which type of chemical reaction releases heat energy as a result of the reaction?

Answer 23

Exothermic

Question 24

Which type of chemical reaction requires heat for the reaction to occur?

Answer 24

Endothermic

Question 25

What is the purpose of a catalyst?

Answer 25

A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change