Process Chemistry Flashcards
How many bonds does a carbon atom always form to reach a stable state?
4
What is the name of a hydrocarbon compound in which a single carbon atom bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms?
Methane
What is the name of a substance made by chemically combining two or more elements?
Compound
What is formed when single atoms combine with other atoms?
Molecule
What is formed when two or more components are physically combined but do not chemically react?
Mixture
What is a uniform mixture in which the individual substances are distributed throughout the mixture?
Solution
What are the percentages of hydrochloric acid and water that are contained in a 30% HCI solution?
30% hydrochloric acid and 70% water
How many ppm are in a 2% solution?
20,000
What are the first 10 paraffins/alkanes?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hextane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
What are the basics of a hydrocarbon chemical compound?
Hydrogen and carbon
What is the name for paraffin compounds with rings of carbon atoms?
Cycloalkanes
What are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas, known as?
Isomer
What is the name for benzene derivative compounds?
Aromatics/arene(s)
There are 3 significant aromatics:
Benzene
Toulene
Xylene
Define density
Density is the mass over volume
Define votality
Votality describes how readily a substance turns from liquid/solid to a vapour
Define boiling point
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas.
Example: water boils at 100degrees at atmospheric pressure
Describe the relationship between boiling point and the molecular weight of a hydrocarbon
The less carbons the easier it burns (I.e methane - as this is only one carbon it’s very light). the more carbons such as octane has more carbons, meaning it’s heavier and will have to reach a higher temperature before it gets to the boiling point.
Define flammability
It’s the ability of a mixture of air and fuel to sustain combustion once ignited
Define ignition temperature
Is the lowest temperature at which a substance will spontaneously burn without an ignition point
Define flash point
Is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will burn in air when an ignition source is present
Define explosivity
Is the tendency of a system to undergo violent or explosive decomposition
Define PH
It’s a measure of the alkalinity or acid of a solution
Which type of chemical reaction releases heat energy as a result of the reaction?
Exothermic
Which type of chemical reaction requires heat for the reaction to occur?
Endothermic
What is the purpose of a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
