PROCEDURES- Spine

Question 1

Where does the CR enter the patient for the AP projection of the thoracic spine?

Answer 1

perpendicular to C7

Question 2

The articular surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are called

Answer 2

facets

Question 3

What is one of the unique anatomic characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 3

cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen on each side of the body

Question 4

Which pathology term applies to the anterior displacement of one vertebra on another?

Answer 4

spondylolisthesis

Question 5

What is the rationale for using a 72in SID for the lateral projection of the cervical spine?

Answer 5

this SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by the increased OID of the position

Question 6

What is the proper CR angle and direction for the AP oblique projections of the cervical spine?

Answer 6

15 degrees cephalic

Question 7

The vertebral arch is formed by the

Answer 7

pedicles and laminae

Question 8

What is the proper patient position for an AP oblique projection of the cervical spine?

Answer 8

45-degree posterior oblique position

Question 9

Which portion of the “scottie dog” represents the pars interarticularis?

Answer 9

neck

Question 10

Which vertebrae should be included in the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region?

Answer 10

C6 through T3

Question 11

When using 35x43cm IR, where should the CR enter the patient for an AP lateral projection of the lumbar spine?

Answer 11

at the level of the iliac crest in the midline of the patient

Question 12

Which of the following body positions demonstrates the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?

Answer 12

45 degrees LPO

Question 13

What is the odontoid process and where is it located?

Answer 13

a toothlike projection on the superior surface of C2

Question 14

The toothlike projection from the superior surface of the body of the axis is called the

Answer 14

dens or odontoid process

Question 15

The patient positioned with the coronal plane of the body perpendicular to the IR, the midsagittal plane parallel to the IR, and the arm closest to the IR raised over the head. The CR is perpendicular and centered to the level of the C7-T1 interspace. What anatomy and projection are demonstrated on this image?

Answer 15

a lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region

Question 16

Which anatomic structures of the cervical spine are best demonstrated by the lateral projection?

Answer 16

zygapophyseal joints

Question 17

Where should the CR enter the patient for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region?

Answer 17

perpendicular through the C7-T1 interspace

Question 18

Which sacroiliac joint is demonstrated when the patient is positioned in a 25-30 degree RPO position?

Answer 18

the left sacroiliac joint is demonstrated

Question 19

Which sacroiliac joint is demonstrated when the patient is positioned in a 25-30 degree RAO position?

Answer 19

the right sacroiliac joint

Question 20

On which projection of the spine is the “scottie dog” configuration demonstrated?

Answer 20

oblique projection of the lateral spine

Question 21

Which of the following must be done to demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina in the patient’s right side? 1. position the patient in an LAO 2. angle the CR 15 degrees caudal 3. position the patient in an RAO

Answer 21

2 and 3

Question 22

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called

Answer 22

scoliosis

Question 23

What is the angle and direction for the AP Axial projection of the sacrum?

Answer 23

15 degrees cephalad

Question 24

When viewing an AP projection of the upper cervical spine (open-mouth technique), you notice that the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens. What positioning error caused this?

Answer 24

the patient’s neck was extended too much

Question 25

Where does the CR enter the patient for the AP projection of the lumbar spine?

Answer 25

at the level of the iliac crest, centered to the midsagittal plane

Question 26

What specific anatomy is best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine if the patient is positioned in a 45-degree RPO position?

Answer 26

right zygapophyseal joints

Question 27

What specific anatomy is demonstrated on a lateral projection of the lumbar spine?

Answer 27

intervertebral foramina

Question 28

What is the name of the soft, inner layer of the intervertebral disks?

Answer 28

nucleus pulposus

Question 29

Which vertebra is also known as the axis?

Answer 29

C2

Question 30

When taking an AP Axial projection of the cervical spine, the central ray is directed

Answer 30

15 degrees cephalad