procedures equipment instruments materials for restorative treatment Flashcards
what is Irreversible Hydrocolloid?
alginate
what is the primary function of a lining material?
to reduce post operative sensitivity
what is an overactive thyroid gland which tends to increase the overall metabolic rate of a patient, including the heart rate?
hyperthyroidism
what are the three commonly used temporary filling materials used?
zinc oxide and eugenol cement
Zinc phosphate cement
zinc polycarboxylate cement
when is amalgam used?
in posterior teeth where strength and longevity are more important than aesthetics
when is composite used?
for anterior teeth for aesthetics
what is the new generation composite being used for?
posterior restorations
why is glass ionomer used for children?
because it releases fluoride
what does a class I cavity involve?
a single surface in a pit or fissure such as (posterior)
- occlusal
- buccal
- lingual
what does a class II cavity involve?
at least two surfaces of a posterior tooth and the occlusal surface of a molar or pre molar
- MO in a pre molar
- MOD in molar
what does a class III cavity involve?
the mesial or distal surface of an incisor or canine
what are class IV cavities?
same as class III but extend to involve the incised edge
what are class V cavities?
involve the cervical margin of any tooth.
what is removed before a filling is placed?
all plaque biofilm and soft carious dentine
what will increase or decrease the longevity of the filling?
plaque biofilm control and diet
what is a right angle probe used for? (3)
- feel cavity margins
- feel softened dentine within the cavity
- detect overhangs
what are excavators used for? (1)
used to scoop out softened dentine
what is an amalgam plugger used for? (2)
- push filling materials into the cavity
- forcing excess mercury to surface for removal during carving
what are burnishers used for?(1)
- adapt cavity margins fully against the cavity margins to prevent leakage
what is a flat plastic used for? (2)
- remove excess filling material
- create a shaped surface so its not a food trap
what are college tweezers used for?
- to pick up or hold any items
what is a gingival margin trimmer used for?
- to trim the margin of the cavity
- burs are used
what is an enamel chisel used for?
- remove any unsupported enamel from cavity edges
what are lining materials used for?
- to protect the pulp against chemical irritation
what is an example of a common lining material?
-calcium hydroxide liners
what are bases used for?
- placed in deeper cavities to protect the pulp
what are examples of bases?(3)
- zinc oxide and eugenol cements
- zinc phosphate cements
- zinc polycarboxylate cements
what are the main reasons for moisture control?(5)
- protect patients airways
- ensure patient is comfortable during treatment
- allow the dentist good visibility to the area
- allow the restorative materials to set correctly
- avoid uncontrolled loss of materials
what are the main methods of moisture control?(5)
- high speed suction
- low speed suction
- absorbant materials (cotton wool rolls)
- rubber dam
- 3 in 1 air
what are round burs used for?
gaining access to cavities and low speed for removing caries
what are pear burs used for?
shaping and smoothing cavities
what are fissure burs used for?
shaping and outlining the cavity
what are polishing burs used for?
smoothing cavity margins and trimming fillings
what are the advantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?
- cheap
- sedative to inflamed pulp
what are the disadvantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?
- reacts with composites
- eugenol can burn soft tissues
what are the advantages of zinc phosphate?
- sets quickly
- sets hard
- adhesive to dentine
what are the disadvantages of zinc phosphate?
- irritant to pulp in deep cavity
- moisture sensitive
what are the advantages of zinc polycarboxylate?
- most adhesive cement
what are the disadvantages of zinc polycarbonate?
- sticks easily to instruments to difficult to place
what are the two matrix systems?
- siqveland
- tofflemire
what must spilt amalgam be smeared with?
- mercury absorbant paste
what does the mercury absorbant paste contain?
- equal parts of calcium hydroxide and flowers of sulphur mixed into a paste with water
what will large mercury spillages need?
- evacuate the premises and involve the local environmental health team
who will be notified under RIDDOR of a mercury spillage?
- the health and safety executive
when is a transparent matrix strip used?
anterior composite restorations
when is a sectional matrix system used?
class II composite restorations
what are the two types of etch?
- acid etch
- self etching
what is a cervical foil matrix used for?
class V cavities
what are the 5 main ingredients in LA?
- anaesthetic
- sterile water
- buffering agents
- preservative
- vasoconstrictor
what is a buffering agent for in LA?
-maintains a neutral PH of the cartridge
what’s a preservative for in LA?
to give an adequate shelf life to the LA
what’s a vasoconstrictor for in LA?
closes the local blood vessels so it prolongs how long the LA works for
what are the 5 common LA used?
- lidocaine
- articaine
- citanest
- citanest plain
- mepivacaine
what two LA contain no vasoconstrictors?
- citanest plain
- mepivacaine
what conditions can you not use a LA with adrenaline (vasoconstor)
- hypertension (high blood pressure)
- cardiac disease
- hyperthyroidism
what LA cannot be given to a pregnant women?
citanest
what is topical anaesthetic used for?
- scaling
- fitting matrix and orthodontic bands
- preventing gag reflex
when an inferior dental nerve block is used where is the only area that isn’t numbed?
buccal gum of lower molars
where is an inferior dental nerve block injected?
over the mandibular foramen on the inner surface of the ramus of mandible
what are two common blocks?
mental nerve block
posterior superior dental nerve block
where does local infiltration numb?
the local gum
what happens to the gum when an intraligamentary injection is used?
it blanches
what treatment is an intraosseous injection typically used for?
extractions
what is a intrapupal injection used for and when?
when the pulp is exposed and the patient is experiencing pain so it gets injected into the pulp chamber.
