procedures equipment instruments materials for restorative treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Irreversible Hydrocolloid?

A

alginate

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2
Q

what is the primary function of a lining material?

A

to reduce post operative sensitivity

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3
Q

what is an overactive thyroid gland which tends to increase the overall metabolic rate of a patient, including the heart rate?

A

hyperthyroidism

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4
Q

what are the three commonly used temporary filling materials used?

A

zinc oxide and eugenol cement
Zinc phosphate cement
zinc polycarboxylate cement

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5
Q

when is amalgam used?

A

in posterior teeth where strength and longevity are more important than aesthetics

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6
Q

when is composite used?

A

for anterior teeth for aesthetics

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7
Q

what is the new generation composite being used for?

A

posterior restorations

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8
Q

why is glass ionomer used for children?

A

because it releases fluoride

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9
Q

what does a class I cavity involve?

A

a single surface in a pit or fissure such as (posterior)

  • occlusal
  • buccal
  • lingual
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10
Q

what does a class II cavity involve?

A

at least two surfaces of a posterior tooth and the occlusal surface of a molar or pre molar

  • MO in a pre molar
  • MOD in molar
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11
Q

what does a class III cavity involve?

A

the mesial or distal surface of an incisor or canine

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12
Q

what are class IV cavities?

A

same as class III but extend to involve the incised edge

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13
Q

what are class V cavities?

A

involve the cervical margin of any tooth.

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14
Q

what is removed before a filling is placed?

A

all plaque biofilm and soft carious dentine

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15
Q

what will increase or decrease the longevity of the filling?

A

plaque biofilm control and diet

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16
Q

what is a right angle probe used for? (3)

A
  • feel cavity margins
  • feel softened dentine within the cavity
  • detect overhangs
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17
Q

what are excavators used for? (1)

A

used to scoop out softened dentine

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18
Q

what is an amalgam plugger used for? (2)

A
  • push filling materials into the cavity

- forcing excess mercury to surface for removal during carving

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19
Q

what are burnishers used for?(1)

A
  • adapt cavity margins fully against the cavity margins to prevent leakage
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20
Q

what is a flat plastic used for? (2)

A
  • remove excess filling material

- create a shaped surface so its not a food trap

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21
Q

what are college tweezers used for?

A
  • to pick up or hold any items
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22
Q

what is a gingival margin trimmer used for?

A
  • to trim the margin of the cavity

- burs are used

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23
Q

what is an enamel chisel used for?

A
  • remove any unsupported enamel from cavity edges
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24
Q

what are lining materials used for?

A
  • to protect the pulp against chemical irritation
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25
Q

what is an example of a common lining material?

A

-calcium hydroxide liners

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26
Q

what are bases used for?

A
  • placed in deeper cavities to protect the pulp
27
Q

what are examples of bases?(3)

A
  • zinc oxide and eugenol cements
  • zinc phosphate cements
  • zinc polycarboxylate cements
28
Q

what are the main reasons for moisture control?(5)

A
  • protect patients airways
  • ensure patient is comfortable during treatment
  • allow the dentist good visibility to the area
  • allow the restorative materials to set correctly
  • avoid uncontrolled loss of materials
29
Q

what are the main methods of moisture control?(5)

A
  • high speed suction
  • low speed suction
  • absorbant materials (cotton wool rolls)
  • rubber dam
  • 3 in 1 air
30
Q

what are round burs used for?

A

gaining access to cavities and low speed for removing caries

31
Q

what are pear burs used for?

A

shaping and smoothing cavities

32
Q

what are fissure burs used for?

A

shaping and outlining the cavity

33
Q

what are polishing burs used for?

A

smoothing cavity margins and trimming fillings

34
Q

what are the advantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?

A
  • cheap

- sedative to inflamed pulp

35
Q

what are the disadvantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?

A
  • reacts with composites

- eugenol can burn soft tissues

36
Q

what are the advantages of zinc phosphate?

A
  • sets quickly
  • sets hard
  • adhesive to dentine
37
Q

what are the disadvantages of zinc phosphate?

A
  • irritant to pulp in deep cavity

- moisture sensitive

38
Q

what are the advantages of zinc polycarboxylate?

A
  • most adhesive cement
39
Q

what are the disadvantages of zinc polycarbonate?

A
  • sticks easily to instruments to difficult to place
40
Q

what are the two matrix systems?

A
  • siqveland

- tofflemire

41
Q

what must spilt amalgam be smeared with?

A
  • mercury absorbant paste
42
Q

what does the mercury absorbant paste contain?

A
  • equal parts of calcium hydroxide and flowers of sulphur mixed into a paste with water
43
Q

what will large mercury spillages need?

A
  • evacuate the premises and involve the local environmental health team
44
Q

who will be notified under RIDDOR of a mercury spillage?

A
  • the health and safety executive
45
Q

when is a transparent matrix strip used?

A

anterior composite restorations

46
Q

when is a sectional matrix system used?

A

class II composite restorations

47
Q

what are the two types of etch?

A
  • acid etch

- self etching

48
Q

what is a cervical foil matrix used for?

A

class V cavities

49
Q

what are the 5 main ingredients in LA?

A
  • anaesthetic
  • sterile water
  • buffering agents
  • preservative
  • vasoconstrictor
50
Q

what is a buffering agent for in LA?

A

-maintains a neutral PH of the cartridge

51
Q

what’s a preservative for in LA?

A

to give an adequate shelf life to the LA

52
Q

what’s a vasoconstrictor for in LA?

A

closes the local blood vessels so it prolongs how long the LA works for

53
Q

what are the 5 common LA used?

A
  • lidocaine
  • articaine
  • citanest
  • citanest plain
  • mepivacaine
54
Q

what two LA contain no vasoconstrictors?

A
  • citanest plain

- mepivacaine

55
Q

what conditions can you not use a LA with adrenaline (vasoconstor)

A
  • hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • cardiac disease
  • hyperthyroidism
56
Q

what LA cannot be given to a pregnant women?

A

citanest

57
Q

what is topical anaesthetic used for?

A
  • scaling
  • fitting matrix and orthodontic bands
  • preventing gag reflex
58
Q

when an inferior dental nerve block is used where is the only area that isn’t numbed?

A

buccal gum of lower molars

59
Q

where is an inferior dental nerve block injected?

A

over the mandibular foramen on the inner surface of the ramus of mandible

60
Q

what are two common blocks?

A

mental nerve block

posterior superior dental nerve block

61
Q

where does local infiltration numb?

A

the local gum

62
Q

what happens to the gum when an intraligamentary injection is used?

A

it blanches

63
Q

what treatment is an intraosseous injection typically used for?

A

extractions

64
Q

what is a intrapupal injection used for and when?

A

when the pulp is exposed and the patient is experiencing pain so it gets injected into the pulp chamber.