Procedure Modules

Question 1

Definition Procedure Model

Answer 1

…organizes a process in different structured phases
…have specific methods and techniques for each phase
…are helpful organizational devices for concrete tasks
…can be adapted (tailoring) for individual/specific problem
…lead to a concrete action plans
…follow a stepwise approach from problem/task to solution
…have a systematic rational procedure
…phases are idealistic
…have very often a iterative characterization
…should include milestones to mitigate risks, costs and failing
…are very often used for projects

Question 2

Problem Solving including some methods and techniques ( Six-Step Problem Solving Model)

Answer 2

Steps are repeatable
• At any point a return to an earlier step is possible
• Could be used for improvement projects too
• To evolve, adjust the solution continually
• Repeating the Six Steps

Question 3

STEP 1:

Answer 3

Techniques:
• Brainstorming
• Interviewing
• Questionnaires

Question 4

STEP 2:

Answer 4

Techniques:
• Fishbone Diagrams
• Pareto Analysis
• Affinity Diagrams

Question 5

STEP 3:

Answer 5

Creating as many solutions to the problem (anything goes, no constraints)
• Looking at how each solution relates to the root causes and symptoms of the problem
• Deciding if different solutions can be merged (problem may be better solved)
• Eliminate options that will proves less effective at dealing with both the symptoms and the root
causes

Question 6

STEP 4:

Answer 6

• Which solution is most feasible?
• Which solution is favored by
implementers and users?
Feasible Solution…
o …can be implemented within
acceptable timeframe
o …is cost effective, reliable and realistic
o …makes resource usage more effective
o …adaptable to conditions as they
evolve and change
o …has manageable risks
o …benefits the organization

Question 7

STEP 5:

Answer 7

Project planning begins:
• Project manager, milestones, project start, additional support, actions to implement the solution
etc.

Question 8

STEP 6:

Answer 8

Monitoring / Controlling of Project:
• Milestones, costs, work completion
• Step relies on:
• Collection of data, accurate/defined reporting mechanisms etc.

Question 9

Software Development
Main definition and approaches / Practices / Methodologies

Answer 9

Software Development

• is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design,

product management, and project management.

• the methodology may include the pre-definition of specific deliverables and artifacts that are

created and completed by a project team to develop or maintain an application

Practices:

• Continuous integration
• Prototyping
• Incremental Development
• Rapid application development

Methodologies:

• Waterfall development
• Spiral Development
• Agile development

Question 10

Waterfall Development

Answer 10

is a relatively linear sequential design approach for certain areas of engineering design

• in software development, it tends to be among the less iterative and flexible approaches, as progress flows

in largely one direction (“downwards” like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis,

design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance

• this model is originated in the manufacturing and construction industries; where the highly structured

physical environments meant that design changes became prohibitively expensive much sooner in the

development process

Question 11

Agile Software Development

Answer 11

describes an approach to software

development under which requirements

and solutions evolve through the

collaborative effort of self-organizing and

cross-functional teams and their

customer(s)/end user(s)

• it advocates adaptive planning, evolutionary

development, early delivery, and

continual improvement, and it encourages

rapid and flexible response to change

• there is significant anecdotal evidence that

adopting agile practices and values

improves the agility of software professionals,

teams and organizations

Question 12

Maturity Models – Process Improvement

Answer 12

Processes needs to be: planned,

standardized, controlled

Reference Model: universal model from

which specific models can be derived

Aims of an process reference model:

• Primary – Improvement of an

organization’s work

• Secondary – verification of actual

maturity

Companies which use reference models:

• Aviation industry
• Automotive industry
• Software development
• Banking