Problems with Fetal Position Presentation

Question 1

Narrowing of the birth canal

Disproportion between the size of the normal fetal head and the pelvic diameters

Results in failure to progress in labor

Answer 1

Cephalopelvic Disproportion

Question 2

When does the head normally engages in primigravids

Answer 2

36 to 38 AOG

Question 3

When does the head normally engages in multigravids

Answer 3

the fetal head usually engages when labor begins

Question 4

It happens when the fetus’s head doesn’t engage. The head remains a floating entity, possibly resulting in mispositioning, further complicating the condition

Answer 4

CPD

Question 5

Causes of CPD

Answer 5

Size of pt pelvis
Inlet contraction
Outlet contraction

Question 6

occurs when the narrowing of the anteroposterior diameter is less than 11 cm or the maximum transverse diameter is 12 cm or less; may result from maternal pelvic fracture, malformation, or small size

Answer 6

Inlet contraction

Question 7

narrowing of the transverse diameter [located at the distance between the ischial tuberosities] at the outlet to less than 11 cm; can also be a contributing factor

Answer 7

Outlet contraction

Question 8

Assessment of CPD

Answer 8

Lack of fetal head engagement in a primigravida due to a fetal abnormality, such as a larger-than-usual head, or a pelvic abnormality, such as a smaller-than-usual pelvis

Question 9

Test Results

Answer 9

Anteroposterior diameter measures less than 11 cm, and the maximum transverse diameter is 12 cm or less (inlet contraction).
Transverse diameter at outlet is less than 11 cm.
Ultrasonography reveals a larger-than-usual fetal head.

Question 10

If the pelvic measurements (especially the inlet measurement)are borderline or just adequate, and the fetal lie and position are good:

Answer 10

possible trial labor to determine whether labor can progress normally

Question 11

If descent of the presenting part and dilation of the cervix are occurring:

Answer 11

possible continuation of trial labor

Question 12

If labor doesn’t progress or complications develop:

Answer 12

cesarean delivery

Question 13

Types of Breech Position

Answer 13

Complete
Frank
Footling
Incomplete

Question 14

where the knees and hips are flexed

Answer 14

Complete

Question 15

where the hips are flexed and knees remain straight

Answer 15

Frank

Question 16

where neither the thighs nor lower legs are flexed

Answer 16

Footling

Question 17

where one or both hips remain extended and one or both feet or knees lie below the breech.

Answer 17

Incomplete

Question 18

Fetal position is posterior rather than anterior

Answer 18

Occipitoposterior Presentation

Question 19

Occiput in OP

Answer 19

Posterior, ROP or LOP

Question 20

What degree in internal rotation

Answer 20

135

Question 21

Rotation from a posterior position can be aided by

Answer 21

having the woman assume a
hands-and knees position, squating,
lying on herside

Question 22

All transverse lie are considered

Answer 22

Shoulder presentation

Question 23

an extremity prolapses alongside the major presenting part so that two presenting parts appear in the pelvis at the same time.

Answer 23

Compound presentation

Question 24

the fetus is positioned normally (head first) for delivery, but the fetus’s shoulder becomes lodged against the woman’s pubic bone as the fetus’s head comes out.

Answer 24

Shoulder dystocia

Question 25

is used because the fetus’s head has not fully moved down (descended) in the pelvis.

Answer 25

Vacuum extractor or forceps