Problems with Fetal Position, Presentation, or Size

Question 1

During internal rotation, the fetal head must rotate not through a 90-degree arc but through an arc of approximately 135-degrees

Answer 1

Occipitoposterior position

Question 2

Positions for patients that can aid from a posterior position

Answer 2

1. Hands-and-Knees position
2. Squatting
3. Lying on their side

Question 3

If mother lying on her left side, the fetal position is

Answer 3

ROP (Right Occiput Posterior)

Question 4

If mother lying on her right side, the fetal position is

Answer 4

LOP (Left Occiput Posterior)

Question 5

Rationale of patients choosing epidurals for their deliveries and peanut ball placed between the legs

Answer 5

1. Open the pelvis
2. Reduce total labor time

Question 6

Posterior positions tend to occur in birthing parents with

Answer 6

1. Andriod pelvis
2. Anthropoid pelvis
3. Contracted pelvis

Question 7

Posterior positions tend to occur in birthing parents with: Android pelvis, Anthropoid pelvis, and/or Contracted pelvis. These positioning is suggested by a

Answer 7

Dysfunctional labor

Question 8

Having a posteriorly presenting fetal head can be confirmed by what diagnostic tests?

Answer 8

1. Vaginal examinations
2. Ultrasound

Question 9

A posteriorly presenting fetal head does not fit the cervix as snugly as one in an anterior position - this increases the risk of having _____________

Answer 9

Risk of umbilical cord prolapse

Question 10

Because the fetal head rotates against the sacrum, a birthing parent may experience pain and pressure at what area of the back?

Answer 10

May experience pressure and pain in their lower back

Question 11

Because the fetal head rotates against the sacrum, a birthing parent may experience pain and pressure in their lower back because ______________

Answer 11

Sacral nerve compression

Question 12

Management for having pressure and pain in the lower back during an Occipitoposterior Position

Answer 12

1. Applying counterpressure on the sacrum by a back rub
2. Rebozo method

Question 13

What method that is being used for the management for pressure and lower back pain where jiggling massaging the uterus may be helpful when assisting the fetus to rotate into a better position

Answer 13

Rebozo method

Question 14

It is a more hazardous fetal presentation

Answer 14

Breech position

Question 15

It occurs because of cervical pressure on the buttocks and rectum

Answer 15

Meconium staining

Question 16

__________ can lead to meconium aspiration if the infant inhales AF

Answer 16

Meconium excretion

Question 17

Assessment of Breech position

Where can you usually hear the FHR?

Answer 17

High in the abdomen

Question 18

Diagnostic procedures to detect Breech positioning

Answer 18

1. Vaginal examination
2. Leopold’s Maneuver

Question 19

If the breech position is unclear, what diagnostic test should be done?

Answer 19

Ultrasound

Question 20

Management of Breech position

Answer 20

Always monitor FHR and uterine contractions

Question 21

When monitoring the FHR and uterine contractions as management for Breech position, what conditions that can be detected early?

Answer 21

1. Cord prolapse
2. Arrest of descent

Question 22

True or False: birthing of the head during a breech position is the most hazardous part

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the considered second danger of having a breech presentation?

Answer 23

Intracranial hemorrhage

Question 24

Causes of Breech position

Answer 24

1. Gestational age less than 37 weeks
2. Abnormality of the fetus
3. Polyhydramnios
4. Congenital anomalies of the uterus
5. Any space-occupying mass in the pelvis
6. Pendulous abdomen
7. Multiple gestation
8. Pelvic diameters
9. Fetal skull diameters
10. Evidence of possible placenta previa

Question 25

A fetal head presenting at a different angle than expected is termed ____________

Answer 25

Asynclitism

Question 26

________ is rare but when it does, the head diameter of the fetus presents to the pelvis is often too large for birth to proceed

Answer 26

Face (chin or mentum)

Question 27

Face presentation can be confirmed by ______

Answer 27

Vaginal examination
Ultrasound

Question 28

Face presentation

If the chin is anterior and the pelvic diameters are within normal limits, it may be possible for the infant to ___________

Answer 28

To be born without any difficulty or NSD

Question 29

Face presentation

If the chin is posterior

Answer 29

CS is the method of choice

Question 30

Babies born after a face presentation have a great deal of ___________ and may be purple from ecchymotic bruising

Answer 30

Facial edema

Question 31

One of the rarest fetal presentations

Answer 31

Brow presentation

Question 32

Brow presentation occurs in patients with

Answer 32

1. Multiparity
2. Relaxed abdomen muscles