Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 202 Week 5 > Problems r/t Personality Disorder > Flashcards

Problems r/t Personality Disorder Flashcards

- antisocial personality disorder - avoidant personality disorder - borderline personality disorder - dependent personality disorder - histrionic personality disorder - narcissistic personality disorder - obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - paranoid personality disorder - schizoid personality disorder - schizotypal personality disorder

1
Q

?

Is the totality of emotional & behavioral characteristics that are particular to a specific person & that remain somewhat stable & predictable over time

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

?

Are characteristics w/which an individual is born or develops early life

Personality disorders -
- rigid
- inflexible
- contribute to maladaptive patterns of behavior
- impairment in functioning

A

Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common sx’s in personality disorders -

  • impairment in interpersonal relationship functions (41%)
  • dysfunction in cognition (30%), affect (18%), & impulse control (12%)
A

Personality Development

> Disorders aren’t dx’d until early adulthood; 1 must complete all stages of personality development <maladaptive behavior patterns can be attributed to a personality disorder

  • Heredity
  • Temperament
  • Experiential learning
  • Social interaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Personality Disorders

A

Organized into 3 clusters according to description of personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cluster A: Behaviors that are odd or eccentric

  • Paranoid personality disorder
  • Schizoid personality disorder
  • Schizotypal personality disorder
A

Cluster B: Behaviors described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic

  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • Histrionic personality disorder
  • Narcissistic personality disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cluster C: Behaviors described as anxious or fearful

  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Dependent personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

?

Characterized by a pervasive, persistent, & inappropriate mistrust of others
* Suspicious of others’ motives & assume that others intend to exploit, harm, or deceive them
* More common in men than women

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

  • constantly on guard, hypervigilant
  • tense & irritable
  • hard exterior & become immune/insensitive to the feelings of others
  • avoid interactions
  • oversensitive & misinterpret even minute cues
  • “testing” the honesty of others
A
  • do not accept responsibility for their own behaviors & feelings & project this responsibility onto others
  • envious & hostile toward those who are highly successful
  • extremely vulnerable & constantly on the defensive
  • loss of control can result in aggression/violence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Predisposing Factors to Paranoid Personality Disorder

  • Schizophrenia
  • H/o childhood trauma including neglect
  • Parental antagonism & harassment
A

DSM-5 PPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

?

Characterized primarily by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships
* Failure to respond to others in a meaningful emotional way
* More frequently in men than women
* Seen by others as eccentric, isolated, or lonely
* Many w/disorder are never observed in a clinical setting

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

  • aloof & indifferent to others
  • emotionally cold
  • no close friends; prefers to be alone
  • appears shy, anxious, or uneasy in the presence of others
  • inappropriately serious about everything
A
  • typically unable to experience pleasure
  • affect commonly bland & constricted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Predisposing Factors to Schizoid Personality Disorder

  • introversion = highly inheritable characteristic
  • early interactional patterns
  • bleak, cold, lacking empathy & nurturing childhood
A

DSM-5 Schizoid Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

?

  • behavior is odd & eccentric but NOT to the level of schizophrenia
  • formerly known as “latent schizophrenic”
  • considered part of the genetic spectrum of schizophrenia
A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

  • aloof & isolated
  • behave in a bland & apathetic manner
A

Symptoms include

  • magical thinking
  • ideas of reference
  • illusions
  • depersonalizations
  • superstitiousness
  • withdrawal into self
  • exhibits bizarre speech pattern
  • may decompensate & demonstrate psychotic sx’s, when under stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Predisposing Factors of Schizotypal Personality Disorder

  • more common among the first-degree biological relatives of people w/schizophrenia
  • (+) twin link
  • reduced activation of brain areas responsive to motion perception & executive control of perception
A

DSM-5 Schizotypal Personality Disorder

! can’t be attributed to any other psychological condition that’s occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cluster B: Behaviors described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic: AS, BPD, His, Narc

A
  • These individuals exploit & manipulate others for personal gain & are unconcerned w/obeying the law
  • Have difficulty sustaining consistent employment & developing stable relationships
  • Men > women; lower socioeconomic classes, esp among highly mobile inhabitants of impoverished urban areas
17
Q

?

Pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, & guiltless behavior that reflects a general disregard for the rights of others

  • men > women
  • DSM-5 identifies it as synonymous w/psychopathy
  • @ least 18 y.o., conduct disorder if younger
A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

18
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

  • exploit & manipulate others for personal gain
  • unconcerned w/obeying the law
  • difficulty sustaining consistent employment & developing stable relationships
  • cold, callous & intimidating
A
  • very low tolerance for frustration
  • act impulsively, easily provoked
  • unable to delay gratification
  • see themselves as victims
  • disregard their & other’s safety through reckless sexual activity, substance abuse, reckless driving, or child neglect
19
Q

Predisposing Factors to Antisocial Personality Disorder: Biological influences

  • more common among first-degree biological relatives
  • (+) twin & adoptive studies [callousness & unemotional responses]
  • MAOA gene
  • temperament in the newborn may be significant
  • increased if attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder & conduct disorder as a child
A
  • deficits in prefrontal cortex gray matter (which regulates cognitive control & inhibition)
  • decreased activity in the amygdala (modulates fearful or threatening stimuli)
  • dysregulation of neurotransmitters (dopamine & serotonin)
  • endocrine abnormalities (testosterone & cortisol)
20
Q

Predisposing Factors to Antisocial Personality Disorder: Family Dynamics

  • chaotic home environment
  • parental deprivation during the first 5 yrs of life
  • separation d/t parental delinquency
  • physical abuse & neglect & teasing
A
  • a dx is only made when the client is @ least 18 y.o.; but behavioral patterns are often seen earlier in childhood & adolescence
21
Q

When behaviors of ASD are identified in children & adolescents, the dx is ___ ___, and the common sx’s are bullying, fighting, physical cruelty to animals, & destruction of property & theft

A

conduct disorder

22
Q

DSM-5 Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
23
Q

?

Characterized by
- intense & chaotic relationships
- affective instability
- fluctuating attitudes towards others
- 2x women > men
- individuals are impulsive, directly & indirectly self-destructive, & lack a clear sense of identity

A

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

24
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder: Clinical Picture

  • in a state of crisis
  • frequent mood swings
  • chaotic interpersonal relationships
  • depression is common
  • rage turned inward - self-injurious behaviors
  • inability to be alone
  • clinging & distancing
  • splitting
  • manipulation
A
  • impulsivity (e.g., substance abuse, gambling, promiscuity, reckless driving, binging & purging); cutting, scratching, burning; suicide attempts
25
Q

Predisposing Factors to Borderline Personality Disorder

  • serotonin &/or norepinephrine dysregulation
  • major depression & substance use disorders in 1st deg relatives
  • environmental influences
  • 5x more likely to have a 1st deg relative w/BPD
  • inheritable characteristics
  • changes to the oxytocin system
A
  • dec in the volume of the left amygdala & right hippocampus
  • in some instances, disorder has been likened to PTSD in response to childhood trauma & abuse
  • fixed in the rapprochement phase of development
  • unresolved grief toward nurturing they failed to receive results in internalized rage that manifests in depression
26
Q

DSM-5 Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Additional Cluster B Personality Disorders

27
Q

?

  • exaggerated sense of self-worth
  • lack humility, self-centered, exploit others
  • impaired interpersonal relationships
  • men > women
  • from a parent-child dynamic of either excessive pampering or excessive criticism
  • inc in disorders among children whose parents had disorder
  • dec volume of gray matter
A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

28
Q

?

  • colorful, dramatic, extroverted, excitable, emotional
  • difficulty maintaining long-lasting relationships
  • require constant affirmation
  • women > men
  • more common among 1st deg biological relatives
  • learned behavior
A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

29
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders

A
30
Q

?

  • socially withdrawn life
  • equally common in men & women
  • combo of biological, genetic, & psychological influences/causes [no clear cause]
A

Avoidant Personality Disorder

31
Q

?

  • lack of self-confidence & extreme reliance on others
  • tolerates mistreatment
  • offering suffering in silence
  • women > men
  • +twin connection
  • issues w/attachment
A

Dependent Personality Disorder

32
Q

?

  • overly disciplined, perfectionistic, preoccupied w/rules, inflexible
  • use the defense mechanism of reaction formation
  • men > women
  • more freq in 1st deg biological relatives
  • overcontrolling parents
A

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

! obsessions & compulsions are absent

33
Q

Nursing Diagnoses: BPD

A

Nursing Interventions: BPD

✓ Convey an accepting attitude, encourage expression of feelings in an acceptable manner
✓ Act as role model
✓ Observe behavior, caution w/attending to self-injurious behaviors
✓ Monitor environment for safety risks
✓ Consistency
✓ Redirect, show of staff if necessary, rotate staff
✓ Promote independence

34
Q

Nursing Diagnoses: APD

A

Nursing Interventions: APD

✓ Convey an accepting attitude, be alert to attempts at manipulation
✓ Identify acceptable & non-acceptable behaviors, enforce limits
✓ Low level of stimuli in client’s environment
✓ Remove all dangerous objects
✓ Verbalization of feelings
✓ Explore alternative ways of handling frustration
✓ Help the client gain insight into own behavior

35
Q

Treatment Modalities

  • Individual Psychotherapy
  • Milieu or Group Therapy
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy
  • Psychopharmacology
A

Individual Psychotherapy

  • may be time-limited interpersonal or may involve long-term psychoanalytic therapy
  • interpersonal psychotherapy may be particularly appropriate b/c personality disorders largely reflect problems in interpersonal relationship skills
  • long-term psychotherapy attempts to understand & modify the maladjusted behaviors, cognition, & affects of clients w/personality disorders
36
Q

Milieu or Group Therapy

  • is esp appropriate for individuals w/antisocial personality disorder, who respond more adaptively to support & feedback from peers
  • feedback from peers is more effective than 1-to-1 interaction w/a therapist
  • group therapy, particularly homogenous supportive groups that emphasize the development of social skills, can be helpful for pts who have a dx of avoidant personality disorder
A

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  • Cognitive strategies help the client recognize & correct distorted & irrational thinking patterns & behavior strategies & offer reinforcement for positive change
37
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

  • as a treatment for the chronic self-injurious & parasuicidal behavior of clients w/BPD; 4 modes of treatment
    1. group skills training
    2. individual psychotherapy
    3. telephone contact
    4. therapist consultation & team meetings
A

Psychopharmacology

  • may be helpful in some instances
  • although these rx’s have no direct effect on the disorder, but more as symptomatic relief can be achieved; antipsychotics for schizotypal personality disorder, BPD
  • treat comorbid conditions like depression

NUR 202 Week 5 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions