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menstruation > problems > Flashcards

problems Flashcards

1
Q

what defines precocious puberty

A

girls <8

boys <9

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2
Q

what defines delayed puberty

A

13(breast)15 (menstruation),

14 in boys

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3
Q

what is menorrhagia & its causes

A

heavy periods >80ml/month, idiopathic, IUD, menopause, PCOS, blood thinning medication.

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4
Q

average age of menopause

A

51

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5
Q

what age is premature ovarian insufficiency

A

less than 40

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6
Q

what is dysmenorrhoea

A

pain during menstruation

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7
Q

what is primary dysmenorrhoea

A

where there is no associated cause

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8
Q

at what age is primary dys most common

A

teens-20s

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9
Q

symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea

A
  • gi symptoms and
  • cramping - may radiate to thighs and back
  • headaches/ fatigue
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10
Q

what is secondary dysmenorrhoea

A

consequence of other pelvic pathology

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11
Q

at what age is secondary dys most common

A

30s-40s

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12
Q

when do symptoms start in secondary dysmenorrhea

A

before menstruation

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13
Q

causes of primary

A

progesterone withdrawal = production of aa = precursor to prostaglandins

  1. higher conc of prostaglandins in menstrual fluid = vasoconstriction and myometrial hypoxia and contractility.
  2. endothelins in endothelium have a role in prostaglandin synthesis.
  3. vasopressin stimulates uterine activity
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14
Q

management of primary

A

NSAIDS
OTC- feminax express
Oral contraceptive pil - lnhibits ovulation
antispasmodics - unlisenced oTc

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15
Q

causes of secondary

A

endometriosis, menorrhagia, fibroids

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16
Q

management of secondary

A

surgery-ablation

pain relief

17
Q

what is endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue found outside the uterus e.g. GI tract, urinary tract

18
Q

cause of endometriosis

A

retrograde menstruation

19
Q

symptoms of endometriosis

A

pain, fatigue, sub fertility, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, chronic pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities

20
Q

diagnosing endometriosis

A

pelvic exam, ultrasound

21
Q

diagnosis stange 1-2 endometriosis

A

minimal/mild
poor visual on us
implant in uterine and ovarian

22
Q

diagnosis stage 3-4 endometriosis

A

mod to severe
associated with adhesions
bowl invasion

23
Q

management of endometriosis

A
  • surgical treatment - laparoscopy or hysterectomy

- medical treatment-symptomatic relief : 1st NSAIDS 2nd shrinkers e.g. contraceptives, GnRH analogues e.g. BUSERELIN

24
Q

danger symptoms of menorrhagia

A

irregular bleeding, sudden change in blood loss, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, premenstrual pain

25
Q

diagnosing menorrhagia

A

blood test - iron

cervical smear

26
Q

management of menorrhagia

A

tranexamic acid
GnRH analogues
menafemic acid
can use CHC, POC if contraception required

menstruation (1 decks)

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