Problem-Solving & Decision-Making

Question 1

Problem-solving

Answer 1

this requires identification and understanding of the problem, generation of potential solutions, testing of potential solutions, and evaluation of results

Question 2

a mental set

Answer 2

is a pattern of approach for a given problem. and inappropriate mental set may negatively impact problem-solving

Question 3

functional fixedness

Answer 3

is the tendency to use objects only in the way they are normally utilized, which may create barriers to problem-solving

Question 4

types of problem-solving

Answer 4

trial and error
algorithms
deductive reasoning (deriving conclusions from general rules)
inductive reasoning (deriving generalizations from evidence)

Question 5

what may assist or hinder decision making?

Answer 5

heuristics, biases, intuition, and emotions

Question 6

herusitics

Answer 6

shortcuts or rules of thumb used to make decisions

Question 7

biases

Answer 7

exist when an experimenter or decision-maker is unable to objectively evaluate information

Question 8

intuition

Answer 8

a gut feeling regarding a particular decision. however, intuition can often be attributed to experience with similar situations

Question 9

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 9

this proposes seven areas of intelligence including: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpoersonal, and intrapersonal.