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comp sci 2 > Problem solving and programming 2.2 > Flashcards

Problem solving and programming 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three programming constructs

A
  1. Sequence
  2. Selection
  3. Iteration
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2
Q

What is sequence?

A

Sequence is the order in which instructions occur and are proccessed

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3
Q

What does selection do?

A

Selection determines which path the program takes

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4
Q

What is iteration?

A

iteration is the repeated excecution of a section of code when a program is running

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5
Q

Which two categories of loop are iteration split up into?

A
  1. Count controlled(for loop)
  2. Condition controlled(while loop)
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6
Q

What is recursion?

A

Where a subroutine call itself during excecution until the stopping condtion is met

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7
Q

State two advantages of recusion

A
  1. Can be represented in fewer lines of code
    2.Easier to express some functions recursively than using iteration
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8
Q

State two disadvatages of recursion

A
  1. Inefficent use of memory
    2.Difficult to trace
  2. Danger of stack overflow
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9
Q

Define scope

A

The section of the program in which a variable is accessible

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10
Q

Give two advantages of using local variables over global variables

A
  1. Less memory is used
    2.Take priority over global variables with the same name
  2. uneffected by code outside of the subroutine
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11
Q

What is the difference between a procedure and a function?

A

Functions must always return a single value, while procedures do not always need to return a value

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12
Q

What does it mean to pass in a parameter (to a subroutine) by reference?

A

The address in memory of the parameter is passed to the subroutine so the value outside the subroutine will be updated

The value in the parameter is changed

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13
Q

What does it mean to pass in a parameter (to a subroutine) by value?

A

The value stored inside memory location is passed into the function

The variable outside the function does not change

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14
Q

What are IDE’s?

A

Integrated development environment is a software application that provides a comprehensive set of tools. They are useful tools for software developers

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15
Q

What does IDE stand for?

A

Integrated Development enviornment

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16
Q

State two features of IDEs

A
  1. Debuggin tools
  2. Source code editior
  3. Breakpoint
  4. Variable watch
17
Q

What is encapsulations in OOP?

A

When attributes and methods are declared as private so they can only be accessed by setters and getters

18
Q

What is the purpose of encapsulation in OOP?

A

Program complexity is reduced by protecting data from being accidentally editied from other parts of the program

19
Q

What is Inheritance in OOP?

A

Inheritance is when a child class inherits its methods and attributes from the parent class

20
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

When two mehods in two different classes share the same name and purpose

21
Q

What is it meant by a computable problem?

A

A problem that can be solved using an algorithm

22
Q

Give three limiting factors of computable problems

A
  1. Time
  2. Proccessing power
  3. Processor speed
  4. Computer memory
23
Q

Describe how divide and conquer techniques work

A

The problem size is halfed with each iteration. Each individual subroutine is solved recursively. Then they are recombined

24
Q

Give two applications of divide and conquer

A
  1. Quick sort
  2. Merge sort
  3. Binary search
25
Q

State 4 problem solving techniques

A
  1. Abstraction
  2. pipelining
  3. Divide and Conquer
  4. Data Mining
  5. Backtracking
  6. Visualisation
  7. Decomposition
26
Q

Describe how backtracking work

A

It works by visiting each path and building a solution based on the paths found to be correct. if a path is invalid, it backtracks to the previous stage and visits an alternative path

Backtracking is useful in computer science because it allows you to efficiently find a solution to a problem by exploring all possible options and discarding those that are not valid.

27
Q

When may heuristics be used in problem solving

A

when the standard way is time and resource consuming

28
Q

State two advantages of using performace modelling

A
  1. Safe
  2. less time consuiming
  3. inexpensive
29
Q

What is performace modelling?

A

The process of evaluating if a system or a program works as expected, before it is released.

30
Q

What is pipelining

A

Pipelining is the process of completing the fetch, decode, and execute cycles of three separate instructions simultaneously

31
Q

What is Data mining?

A

The process of finding meaningful patterns and valuable information within large data sets.

32
Q

What is a class in OOP?

A

A class is a blueprint for creating objects

33
Q

What is a method in OOP?

A

Methods define the behaviour and functionality of objects in the class

34
Q

What is an attribute in OOP?

A

Attibutes define the characteristics of objects in a class

35
Q

What is a constructer?

A

A special method that is called when an object is created from a class. It is used to initalize the objects attributes

36
Q

What are IDE’s?

A

IDE’s is a software application that provides a comprehensive set of tools. They are useful tools for software developers

comp sci 2 (3 decks)

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