Problem Solving Flashcards
What is cognition
cognition is gaining knowledge through thinking, experiences, and the senses.
How did Eysneck & Keane (2015) define cognitive psychology?
cognitive psychology involves understanding and deciding how to act based on internal processes like attention, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, reasoning, and thinking.
Eysneck & Keane 2015
what is the history of cognitive psychology in the 19th and early 201th century?
- Psychology considered sub-field of philosophy
- Introspection was one popular method
what is introspection?
the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
Early 20th century: Thorndike & Pavlov
They found that evolutionary theory inspires interest in animal behaviour
What did the 1913 behaviourist manifesto by Watson include?
stated that behaviorist psychology is an objective science focused on predicting and controlling behavior, excluding introspection and consciousness as essential elements in its methods.
Watson (1913)
when did cognitive psychology emerge?
after WWII
what discoveries were made in information handling after WWII?
- information can be represented as binary units and Boolean operations
- Neurons can also be modelled through Boolean logic
- the computer was seen as a metaphor for the mind
what are the Boolean operations?
simple actions that can be performed on binary data. These operations include AND, OR, and NOT - they help manipulate and process information in computers.
Name 4 new types of cognitive theories:
- Box-and-arrows diagrams
- Computational models
- Cognitive neuropsychology
- Cognitive neuroscience
Example of box-and-arrow diagrams use:
Broadbent’s theory of selective attention
Example of computational method use:
models of word recognition
Example of cognitive neuropsychology use
neglect and blindisght
Example of cognitive neuroscience:
memory consolidation during sleep
What is a problem?
When a living thing has an objective but is unsure of how to get there (Duncker, 1945)
