Problem Set #1 Flashcards
According to Reading #1a, the ew mating songs of the male Pacific field crickets on Molokai are compared to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) The purring of a cat
B) The sound of bones hitting together
C) The croak of a frog
D) the clink of a typewriter
C) The croak of a frog
According to Reading #1a, why did a portion of the male crickets on Kauai and Oahu “go silent” 9i.e. No longer produce a mating song)?
A) Parasitic flies began sing the crickets’ mating calls as a way o seek out the male crickets to lay their larvae
B) The silent male crickets have a mutation that causes them to not develop wings
C) Females began to prefer no mating call over other mating song variations
D) Predatory birds began using the crickets’ mating calls as a way of seek out the male crickets to hunt and consume
A) Parasitic flies began sing the crickets’ mating calls as a way o seek out the male crickets to lay their larvae
According to Reading #1b, which purr variant was most preferred by crickets and flies across the Hawaiian Islands?
A) The purr with the narrowest bandwidth was preferred
B) the purr variant with the largest amplitude was preferred
C) Each purr variant was equally liked
D) the purr variant with the highest pitch was preferred
C) Each purr variant was equally liked
According to Reading #1b, what are the two “opposing forces” that Pacific field crickets i n the Hawaiian Islands face?
A) the crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing causes wing damage
B) The crickets must sing to attract prey but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
C) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts another species of crickets
D) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
D) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
According to Reading #1b, what are the two “opposing forces” that Pacific field crickets in the Hawaiian Islands face?
A) the crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing causes wing damage
B) The crickets must sing to attract prey but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
C) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts another species of crickets
D) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
D) The crickets must sing to attract mates but their singing also attracts a parasitic predator
According to Reading #3a, which of the following feats of flight has been observed in great frigate-birds?
A) sleeping while gliding downwards during flight
B) Flying nonstop for over two hundred days
C) Circling the earth in less than fifty days
D) Staying airborne continuously for up to two months
D) Staying airborne continuously for up to two months
According to Reading #3b, which of the following statements applies to sleep in Northern fur seals?
A) REM sleep likely warms the brain in preparation for wakefulness
B) Seals forced to sleep in the water for at least 10 days continue to engage in REM sleep
C) Brainstem activity associated with flipper movements causes the brainstem to cool during unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS)
D) Increased neuronal activity during bilateral slow wave sleep (BSWS) causes the brainstem to cool
A) REM sleep likely warms the brain in preparation for wakefulness
According to Reading #3b, which of the following statements about different types of sleep is true?
A) All terrestrial mammals studied engage in unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS)
B) During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, muscle tone is greatly reduced
C) Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by large, slow waves on an EEG
D) slow wave sleep (SWS) is characterized by small, fast waves on an EEG
B) During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, muscle tone is greatly reduced
According to Readings #3a, which of the following statements is true of sleep in great frigatebirds?
A) they may stay half-awake during flight to avoid mid-air colliders
B) they stay half-awake during flight to watch for predators
C) they sleep continuously for hours at a time on land
D) they sleep continuously for minutes at a time in the air
A) they may stay half-awake during flight to avoid mid-air colliders
According to Reading #4a, which of the following statements comparing tool use between Goualougo and Gombe chimpanzees is true?
A) Mothers in Goualougo were less likely to transfer tools to offspring compared to those in Gombe
B) Offspring in Goualougo made more requests for tools than those in Gombe
C) chimpanzees in Goualougo used fewer tools compared to those in Gombe
D) chimpanzees in Goulalougo made tools from specific plant species unlike those in Gombe
D) chimpanzees in Goulalougo made tools from specific plant species unlike those in Gombe
According to reading #4b, which of the following applies to a behavior observed in Shark Bay bottlenose dolphins during surveys conducted between 2007 and 2018?
A) It is the first known case of marine mammals using tools
B) It involved the dolphins guiding fish into giant empty shells in order to carry them to the surface and shake them into their mouths
C) It involved dolphins wearing marine sponges as protective gloves
D) It involved dolphins herding fish into large schools with the shells of giant snails in order to hunt them more easily
B) It involved the dolphins guiding fish into giant empty shells in order to carry them to the surface and shake them into their mouths
According to Reading #4b, which of the following is a key published finding on shelling behavior in Shark Bay dolphins?
A) It spreads vertically between mothers and calves
B) It became more frequent after a die-off in the marine sponge population
C) It became more frequent after a big increase in the giant snail population
D) It spreads horizontally within generations or between peers
According to Reading #4a, which of the following statements regarding tool use in chimpanzees is true?
A) complexity of tool use behavior is the same across different chimpanzee populations
B) Learning tool skills is limited to watching others and practicing individuality
C) Tool transfer has not been previously shown to function as a form of teaching
D) Greater task complexity is associated with increased prosocial or helping behavior
D) Greater task complexity is associated with increased prosocial or helping behavior
