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PHILOSOPHY 1 > PROBLEM OF EVIL > Flashcards

PROBLEM OF EVIL Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major parts of Augustine’s theodicy?

A
  1. Original Sin.
  2. Salvation.
  3. Judgement.
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2
Q

What are the two assumptions Augustine rests his theory on?

A
  • Evil did not come from God since God’s creation was perfect.
  • Evil came from elsewhere and God was justified in allowing it to stay.
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3
Q

What is Augustine’s blindness analogy?

A

Blindness is not an entity but the absence of sight just as he thought that evil was not an entity but the absence of good.

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4
Q

Where does Augustine believe evil came from?

A

Angels and human beings who chose deliberately to turn away from God and use their free will for negative actions.

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5
Q

How did Natural Evil occur?

A

Human action destroyed the natural order of things by going against God’s will.

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6
Q

Give a quote from Augustine.

A

“all evil is either sin or punishment for sin.”

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7
Q

What does Plantiga state about Augustine’s theodicy?

A

Humans sometimes choose good acts, but if God had designed us so that we always choose good, we would not truly be free.

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8
Q

Give a weakness of Augustine’s theodicy.

A

People who are experiencing great suffering may not find the theodicy a convincing or sufficient explanation when their suffering is very real.

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9
Q

What did Irenaeus’ theodicy begin its focus on?

A

The creation story in Genesis 1.

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10
Q

What did Irenaeus believe about Adam and Eve?

A

The serpent was solely to blame for Adam and Eve’s temptation.

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11
Q

What is the divine purpose of evil and suffering according to Irenaeus?

A

To become children of God and this could not be served in a hedonistic paradise.

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12
Q

What does Irenaeus explain about God’s ‘hands’?

A

Help to mould us through the existence of natural evil. It is the experience and contact with natural evil that ‘shapes’ us in the image of God.

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13
Q

What are Irenaeus’ two choices which help to support his theodicy?

A
  1. A paradise with no pain or sin. Everything is on a plate and easy.
  2. The real earth with its pain and suffering, love and happiness etc.
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14
Q

What does Hick state in support of Irenaeus’ theodicy?

A

The world is about soul-making and enabling us to develop good moral characters.

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15
Q

Give a weakness of Irenaeus’ theodicy.

A

It explains the need for a person making environment but it does not justify the actual extent of human suffering e.g. the Holocaust.

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16
Q

What is natural evil?

A

Refers to events that have evil consequences or cause suffering when experienced by human beings.

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17
Q

What questions does the existence of natural evil raise about God’s nature?

A

Either evil is the fault of the devil and not God, or God allowed evil and suffering but must’ve had a good reason for doing so.

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18
Q

Give an attempt to solve the problem of natural evil.

A

See evil as a just punishment for sin, inflicted upon us by God. We cannot complain about natural evils, because we deserve all that we get.

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19
Q

What is moral evil?

A

Refers to events of evil or suffering that are caused intentionally by humans with the misuse of their free will.

20
Q

Why is the problem of moral evil easier to resolve than the problem of natural evil?

A

Because the majority of it can be attributed to human actions.

21
Q

What did Richard Dawkins state about the problem of evil?

A

Pointed out that even without human beings; the amount of suffering in the animal kingdom is vast.

22
Q

Why did Hick reject the Garden of Eden story?

A

It is not used simply to tell the story of what happened but to examine the existence of evil.

23
Q

What were the two things humans were created in?

A
  1. Image

2. Likeness

24
Q

What did Hick believe the fall represents?

A

An ‘epistemic distance.’

25
Q

What does Hick argue about the eschatological aspect?

A

People who have died were made in the likeness, not the image of God. Eventually, everyone will be with God after death.

26
Q

Evaluation of Hick.

A

Should God override our free will if using it negatively could result in terrible acts?

27
Q

Who created the inconsistent triad?

A

Epicurus.

28
Q

What are the three elements of the inconsistent triad?

A
  • Evil and suffering exist.
  • Omnibenevolent.
  • Omnipotent.
29
Q

What is a privation?

A

Loss or absence of a quality or attribute.

30
Q

Who said God allows suffering because “we are like blocks of stone out of which the sculptor carves the forms of man. Blows of his chisel, which hurt us so much, are what make us perfect.”?

A

C.S. Lewis

31
Q

Who believed this world is ‘soul deciding’?

A

Augustine

32
Q

Dostoevsky is a critic of free will, why?

A

The suffering of innocent children is too high a price to pay for the gift of freedom.

33
Q

Who believed in Universal Salvation?

A

John Hick

34
Q

What is the ‘vale of soul making’?

A

When our souls are made, develop and grow into the likeness of God.

35
Q

Why do Buddhists believe there is no ‘problem’ with evil?

A

Suffering is part of existence.

36
Q

Which Bible passage was Irenaeus inspired by?

A

‘Let us make man in our image, in our likeness’.

37
Q

What did Mackie call Epicurus’ classical formulation for the problem of evil?

A

Inconsistent Triad.

38
Q

According to Hick, humans develop from…

A

Image to likeness.

39
Q

What did Mackie call the problem of evil? Why?

A

Called the problem of evil ‘the logical problem’ because theists have to show that their beliefs make logical sense if they still believe in God despite evil existing.

40
Q

What did Mackie state about omnipotence and evil?

A

“if there really are evils, then there cannot be such being”.

41
Q

What is Irenaeus’ overall point? What is Augustine’s overall point?

A 
Irenaeus = it’s a test and God allows it.
Augustine = caused by humans and we’re deserving of it.
42
Q

What supports Augustine’s argument that God made the world perfect?

A

“God saw all that he had made, and it was good”

43
Q

What does ‘privatio boni’ mean?

A

Evil is not a substance but a deprivation.

44
Q

What is the logical problem of evil?

A

A statement that evil is a problem because it challenges the very nature of God.

45
Q

What supports the logical problem of evil?

A

Inconsistent triad.

46
Q

What is the evidential problem of evil most commonly seen in?

A

The suffering of humankind.

47
Q

What attempts to explain the evidential problem of evil?

A

Irenaeus’ theodicy.

PHILOSOPHY 1 (7 decks)

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