Problem Areas Flashcards
What are the daily requirements of
1) Water
2) Calories
3) Protein
4) Fat/Carbohydrate
5) Na
6) K
1) 30ml/kg/day
2) 25kCal/kg
3) 1-1.25g/day (1/3 calories)
4) 2/3 of calories (50-100g glucose/day - 5%dextrose has 50g/L)
5) 1-2mmol/kg/day
6) 0.7-1mmol/kg/day
What fluid resuscitation should be given to children?
20ml/kg over 10 minutes (can repeat)
How are 24 hour maintenance fluids calculated in children?
Holliday-Segar formula
1) 100ml/kg for 1st 10kg
2) 50ml/kg for next 10kg
3) 20ml/kg for rest
or
If >20kg 20ml/kg + 1100ml
Which antibiotics function by ribosome inhibition?
30s - Aminoglycosides/Tetracyclines (static)
50s - Macrolides/Linezolid (static)
50s/70s - streprogramins (quinipristin, dalfopristin)
Which antibiotics function by cell wall disruption?
Carbapenem Cephalosporins Glycopeptides (teic/vanc) Monobactam (Aztreonam) Penicillins Polypeptides (Colistin, bacitracin)
Which antibiotics function by DNA synthesis disruption?
Fluoroquinolones (topoisomerase disruption)
Sulphonamides (folate metabolism disruption - static)
Metronidazole (free radicals)
Trimethoprim (thymidine synthesis disruption)
Which antibiotics function by mRNA transcription inhibition?
Rifamycins
Which antibiotics function by mycolic acid synthesis inhibition?
Isoniazid
What is the mechanism of action of Vinka Alkaloids?
Vincristine/Vinblastine
- Prevent Microtubule assembly
What are classic side effects of Vinka Alkaloids?
Weight loss
Loose stools
Mouth ulcers
Peripheral neuropathy
What is the mechanism of action of Platinum agents?
Carboplatin/Cisplatin/Oxaliplatin
- Cross-Link DNA preventing DNA repair
What is the classic side effects of platinum based agents?
Nausea/vomiting/mucositis/diarrhoea
Ototoxicity
Myelosuppression
Hepatotoxicity
What is the mechanism of action of Topoisomerase inhibitors?
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin)
Topo1 - Irinotecan
Topo2 - Etoposide
S-phase preventing DNA-coiling
What is the classic side effects of Topoisomerase inhibitors?
Standard +
Cardiotoxicity (esp anthracyclines)
What is the mechanism of action of Anti-metabolites?
S-phase - hinder DNA synthesis
- Folate antagonist (methotrexate)
- Purine antagonist (6-MP, Fludarabine)
- Pyrimidine antagonist (5-FU, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine)
