Problem 4: Object perception

Question 1

visual agnosia

Answer 1

problems with object recognition and object constancy even though stimuli is registered in the brain

Question 2

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 2

object recognition problems

Question 3

integrative agnosia

Answer 3

difficulties perceiving different parts as a whole

Question 3

integrative agnosia

Answer 3

difficulties perceiving different parts as a whole

Question 4

associative agnosia

Answer 4

difficulties in understanding the meaning of an object

Question 5

Treisman & Gelade (1980), which types of attention, types of visual search

Answer 5

Feature integration theory: explains how we combine different pieces of visual information to make a complete perception of the object
- reflexive attention: driven by stimuli
- voluntary attention: voluntarily focussing on something
- feature (pop-out) search: target possesses one distinguishable feature
- conjunction search: searching for combination of multiple features

Question 6

what are the stages in the Feature integration theory

Answer 6

-preattentive stage: focus on aspect of the objects (feature search)
-focussed attention stage: multiple aspects are combined (conjunction search)

Question 7

recognition by components theory + principle of componential recovery

Answer 7

recognition of objects is based on geons (basic geometrical features of an object). the principle of componential recovery = we can identify an object if we can identify its geons.

Question 8

what are characteristics of geons + criticism

Answer 8

-invariant information (can be viewed from different angles)
-discriminability (each type of object has a certain type of neon)
- resistance to visual noise

criticism:
-do not distinguish objects within a category
- cannot account for gestalt grouping and organisation theory

Question 9

propagnosia

Answer 9

-visual impairment in recognising faces
-mostly caused by damage to the inferior part of the temporal lobe (FFA)

Question 10

alexia

Answer 10

-acquired difficulty in reading
-can see words and letters but has no access to the orthographic networks
-caused by brain injuries

Question 11

which deficits are combined most often

Answer 11

holistic processing (whole, relations) = faces + objects
analytic processing (parts) = objects and words

Question 12

gestalt approach

Answer 12

approach: whole differs form the sum of its parts, rejecting structuralism: gestalt can explain apparent movement and illusory contours, structuralism can’t.

Question 13

law of pragnanz

Answer 13

the brain tries to see the simplest patterns

Question 14

law of similarity

Answer 14

similar things appear to be grouped together

Question 15

law of common fate

Answer 15

things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped

Question 16

law of familiarity

Answer 16

things that form familiar or meaningful patterns appear to be grouped together

Question 17

principle of common region

Answer 17

elements that are within the same region appear to be grouped together

Question 18

principle of uniform connectedness

Answer 18

a connected region of visual properties appears as a single unit

Question 19

principle of synchrony

Answer 19

visual events that occur at the same time are perceived as belong together

Question 20

law of closure

Answer 20

elements enclosing an area appear to be grouped together

Question 21

figure-ground segregation + characteristics

Answer 21

you either focus on the object or the background
- border ownership: a visual border between figure and ground appear to belong to the figure
- figures are more memorable, symmetrical, being in the front, smaller etc.