Probation and Prison

Question 1

Prison as Punishment:

Answer 1

• Main form of punishment in England and Wales
• Response to crime
• Control and discipline as features of prison creates obedient bodies (Foucault, 1979)

Question 2

Functions of Punishment:

Answer 2

Denunciation (public condemnation)
Deterrence
Rehabilitation

Question 3

Early forms of probation:

Answer 3

Church of England Temperance Society (1873) (A campaign against alcohol)
- Healing the sick, supervision of drunkards

Police Court Missionaries (1876)
(Avoid punishment by being under court supervision)

Question 4

Changes to Probation:

Answer 4

Criminal Justice Act (1991):
- Now is an extension of punishment instead of being its own right
- ‘Tag’ (monitor and surveillance)

Criminal Justice and Court Services Act (2000):
- Offenders required risk assessments
- Creation of the National Probation Service (Sentencing, remand, bail, prison work etc)

Question 5

Probation and service today:

Answer 5

• Contacting victims in relation to offender release
• Advice and training for offenders
• Pre and post release supervision

Question 6

HMPPS:

Answer 6

His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service
HMPPS (2021): “We rehabilitate people in our care through education and employment”