Probability

Question 0

The total possible outcomes in calculating a probability

Answer 0

Sample Space

Question 1

A standardized score in which the mean of a data set is subtracted from a number and the difference is divided by the standard deviation The calculation tells one how far a number is above or below the mean in terms of standard deviations. Mean and SD of z scores are 0 and 1.

Answer 1

Z score

Question 2

Some specified occurrence for calculating a probability

Answer 2

Event

Question 3

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a continuous probability distribution, defined on the entire real line. It has a bell-shaped probability density function.

Answer 3

Normal distribution

Question 4

A discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time, space, distance, area or volume if these events occur independently with a known average rate.

Answer 4

Poisson Distribution

Question 5

A z score of a normally distributed variable in a population

Answer 5

Standard Normal Deviate

Question 6

When two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is the sum of the probability of each event such that P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Answer 6

Addition Rule

Question 7

When two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, the probability that A AND B will occur is the product of the probability of each even such that P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)

Answer 7

Multiplication Rule

Question 8

The probability of testing positive given that a subject has some condition

Answer 8

Sensitivity

Question 9

The probability of testing negative given that a subject does not have some condition

Answer 9

Specificity

Question 10

In probability theory, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials will converge on the expected value, and will tend to become closer as more trials are performed.

Answer 10

Law of Large Numbers

Question 11

Probability before certain evidence is taken into account. e.g. probability that someone has a disease (without testing them)

Answer 11

Prior Probability

Question 12

Conditional probability of an event occurring given relevant evidence. e.g. probability of someone having HIV given a positive test.

Answer 12

Posterior Probability

Question 13

A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1

Answer 13

Standard Normal Curve

Question 14

p(a) x p(b|a) = p(b) x p(a|b)

Answer 14

Bayes theorem (rule)

Question 15

Characteristics of a distribution (such as the mean) in a population

Answer 15

Parameters

Question 16

Characteristics of the distribution of data in a sample

Answer 16

Statistics

Question 17

Used in testing, a score that reflects one’s relative standing in a reference group with a particular mean and standard deviation

Answer 17

T-Scores

Question 18

The probability of an event given that some condition has been met.

Answer 18

Conditional Probability

Question 19

The probability of having a condition given that a subject tests positive

Answer 19

Positive Predictive Value

Question 20

The probability of not having a condition given that a subject tests negative

Answer 20

Negative Predictive Value

Question 21

A table constructed with at least two factors that reveal the intersection of all levels.

Answer 21

Contingency Table