Private Pilot's License Flashcards
ATIS frequency
127.55
Van Nuys Ground frequency
121.7
Van Nuys Tower frequency
119.3
Comm Flow
- Who they are
- Who I am
- Where I am
- What I want
- With ATIS
Aircraft make, model, name
Piper PA28-181
N8346H
A
Alpha
B
Bravo
C
Charlie
D
Delta
E
Echo
F
Foxtrot
G
Golf
H
Hotel
I
India
J
Juliette
K
Kilo
L
Lima
M
Mike
N
November
O
Oscar
P
Papa
Q
Quebec
R
Romeo
S
Sierra
T
Tango
U
Uniform
V
Victor
W
Whiskey
X
X-ray
Y
Yankee
Z
Zulu
VR
Rotation Speed 65kts
55kts performance
VY
best rate of climb 79kts
VX
best angle of climb 63kts
Best Glide
73kts
VA
maneuvering speed 89-111 kts
- Below 89kts and it will stall
- above 111kts wings will break
VNO
Structural cruise 126kts
VNE
Never Exceed 160kts
VFE
Flaps extended 103kts
VS
stall speed (take off configuration) 50kts
VSO
stall speed (landing configuration) 44kts
Climb formula
- Power
- Pitch
- Trim
Level Off formula
- Pitch
- Power
- Trim
Descent formula
- Power
- Pitch
- Trim
To climb, the power has to be
full power, airspeed at 80kts
In a climb, the pitch needs to be:
at 500ft/min
When leveling off, the pitch needs what kind of increase?
Speed increase to 90kts
When leveling off, the power needs to be reduced to how what RPM
power needs to be reduced at 2200-2300 RPM
RPM stands for
Revolutions per minute
How many kts and rpm constitutes a cruise flight
90kts
2200-2300 rpm
During a descent, the power needs to be reduced to…
1800 rpm and the airspeed to remain at 90kts
The pitch during a descent needs to be
500ft/min
Define Thrust
the forward force produced by the powerplant/ propeller or rotor. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. As a general rule, it acts parallel to the longitudinal axis.
Define Drag
a rearward, retarding force caused by disruption of airflow by the wing, rotor, fuselage, and other protruding objects. As a general rule, drag opposes thrust and acts rearward parallel to the relative wind.
Define Lift
is a force that is produced by the dynamic effect of the air acting on the airfoil, and acts perpendicular to the flight path through the center of lift (CL) and perpendicular to the lateral axis. In level flight, lift opposes the downward force of weight.
Define Weight
the combined load of the aircraft itself, the crew, the fuel, and the cargo or baggage. Weight is a force that pulls the aircraft downward because of the force of gravity. It opposes lift and acts vertically downward through the aircraft’s center of gravity (CG).
LOC
loss of control
LOC-I
loss of control in flight
IMC
instrument meteorological conditions
AOA
Angle of Attack
Stalls are a result of ____ not airspeed
AOA
ADM
aeronautical decision making
NOTAM
Notices to airmen
AFM
aircraft flight manual
What are the three classes of turns and what are the angles of the turns?
Shallow turns 20° or less
Medium turns 20° to 45°
Steep turns 45° or more
Four forces on an aircraft?
thrust
drag
lift
weight
Axes of an airplane and motion:
Lateral Axis- pitching
Longitudinal Axis- rolling
Vertical Axis- yawing
What are the four fundamentals/principle maneuvers?
Straight-and-level
Turns
Climbs
Descents
What does a steep turn entail?
Single to multiple turns 360° to 720° in either direction using a bank of 45° to 60°
What is the general aircraft load limit?
3.8Gs
What are the five steps of a steep turn practicing maneuver?
- Clear area of hazard or traffic
- Choose a distant reference
- Establish VA (89-111 kts)
- Roll into bank angle (45° to 60°)
- as bank angle is being established, right around 30° of bank, apply elevator back pressure to increase AOA.
- Power must increase to maintain altitude and airspeed
Steep turns in the Piper PA28-161 will always been done
3000’ AGL
KIAS
Knots-Indicated Airspeed
AGL
Above Ground Level
ACS
Airmen Certification Standards
CAS
Indicated Airspeed corrected for position or installation errors
TAS
True airspeed: calibrated airspeed corrected for non-standard temperature
Standard Temperature
15° C
Standard Pressure
29.92
What does a clearing turn entail?
90° Left and Right
Clean (taking-off) Checklist
- fuel pump-on
- landing light-on
- mixture full rich
- proper tank (fuller option)
- flaps 0°
Landing Checklist
- fuel pump-on
- landing light-on
- mixture full
- proper tank
- flaps 40°
What are some examples of needing a Clean Checklist?
- steep turns
- “S” turns
- turns around a point
what are some examples of needing a Landing Checklist?
- slow flight
- power off stall
Engine Failure Checklist
A-airspeed (73kts, glide speed) horizon to buy time
B-best place to land: “Pick it, stick with it”
C-checklist (right to left and then left to right if nothing happens with right to left)
D-declare 121.5 (emergency frequency for ELT)
E-Evacuate-make sure everything is off
What does the C-Checklist within the Engine Failure Checklist entail?
- carb heat on
- fuel pump on
- mixture rich
- throttle open
- primer locked (if open, leave it)
- switch tanks
- crank magnetos
What if nothing happens after the right to left C-Checklist within the Engine Failure Checklist?
You go to the left to right:
- fuel tank off
- magnetos off
- primer locked
- throttle closed
- mixture shut off
- fuel pump off
- carb heat off
what is the comm on the squawk box for a hijack
7500
what is the comm on the squawk box for no communication/ability to communicate/”Can’t talk RN”
7600
what is the comm on the squawk box for “I have an emergency/engine failure”
7700
What is the information to share with emergency frequency when experiencing engine failure?
“Mayday Mayday Mayday
*number of souls onboard
landing location”
ELT
Emergency Locating Transmitter
What is the acronym to remember for inspections?
AAV1ATE
What does the first A in AAV1ATE stand for?
Airworthiness Directives
- emergency in nature
- regulatory in nature
- non-recurring
What does the second A in AAV1ATE stand for?
Annual
- 12 Calendar Months
- propeller, airframe, engine
- A+P (Airframe and Power Plant Mechanic) which also has to be signed off with an IA (inspection authorization)
What does the V in AAV1ATE stand for?
VOR (very high frequency omnidirectional radio range)
-has to be checked every 30 days
What does the 1 in AAV1ATE stand for?
100 hrs
-100 hr check (a simpler version of an annual)
-propeller, airframe, engine
-done by an A+P
-can be done in annual
-10 hr overfly (grace period)
-only for disasters
-special flight permit for maintenance that comes from
FSDO (Flight Standard District Offices)
What does the third A in AAV1ATE stand for?
Altimeter/Static
-24 Calendar Months
What does the T in AAV1ATE stand for?
Transponder
-24 calendar months
What does the E in AAV1ATE stand for?
ELT (Emergency Locating Transmitter)
- 12 Calendar Months
- 50% of batter drained or 1 hr of continuous use
What is the Federal Aviation Regulation code for equipment?
- 205 (B+C)
- B=daytime
- C=night
What is the acronym for 91.205 B?
ATOMATOFLAMES
What does the acronym ATOMATOFLAMES mean?
Altimeter Tachometer Oil pressure gauge Manifold pressure gauge Airspeed indicator Temperature gauge (liquid cooled engine) Oil temperature gauge Fuel indicator Landing gear Anti-collision lights Magnetic compass ELT-121.5 Seatbelts
What is the acronym for 91.205 C?
FLAPS
What does the acronym FLAPS mean?
Fuses of 3 or more Landing light (if for hire) Anti-collision lights Position lights Source of electricity
What is the pilot self-assessment checklist?
I-llness M-edication S-tress A-lcohol F-atigue E-ating/emotions
To legally fly an aircraft, you must be current in what three things (if all apply)
Category (airplane)
Class (SEL/SES/MEL/MES)
Type (for an aircraft over 12,500lbs)
To legally carry passengers on an aircraft you must
have flown within 90 days and/or had 3 take offs/landings in category, class, type (if required)
What documents must you always have on board your aircraft?
A-airworthiness certificate
-match serial number
R-registration certificate
-serial number + expires every 3 years
R-radio license (only outside of US)
O-operating handbook
W-weight + balance
E-external data plate
C-compass deviation cardWhat is the acronym for the documents you must have onboard your aircraft?
AAROWEC
When at the lowest part of green arc on airspeed indicator…
stall speed clean configuration
VS 50kts
When at the lower part of white arc on airspeed indicator…
stall speed landing configuration
VSO 44 kts
What does the white arc mean on airspeed indicator?
flap operating range
When at the upper white arc…
max flap extended speed
VFE 103 kts
What does the green arc mean on airspeed indicator?
Normal operating speed
80-90 kts
When at the upper part of green arc…
max structural cruise
VNO 126 kts
What does the yellow arc mean on airspeed indicator?
caution range (operations in smooth air)
What does the red arc mean on the airspeed indicator?
Never exceed! (VNE 160 kts)
Frequency for SoCal ATC
134.2
Lights, Camera, Action
Lights: Fuel pump on, landing light on
Camera: ALT mode on transponder (so I can be seen by ATC)
Action: Mixture full rich
Lights, Camera, Action flow for Archer
Lights: ALT
Camera: fuel pump and landing light on
Action: Mixture full rich
Power-Off Stall
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- Approx. 1500 RPM (while maintaining altitude)
- Landing configuration flow
- Stabilized descent at 66 Knots
- Throttle idle slowly
- Wings level or up to 20° bank as assigned
- Pitch to maintain altitude slowly, and acknowledge cues of the impending stall
- At stall/first indication of impending stall recover simultaneously reduce AOA, max power and level wings
- Slowly retract flaps to 10°
- Accelerate to 64 Knots, positive rate
- Retract flaps to 0°
- Cruise checklist
Steep Turn Maneuver
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- 100knots (approx 2300 RPM), maintain altitude
- Cruise configuration flow
- Roll into 45° bank
- Maintain altitude and airspeed (back pressure, +approx 1-200 RPM)
- Roll out 1/2 bank angle prior to entry heading
- Clear traffic and roll in opposite direction
- Roll out 1/2 bank angle prior to entry heading
- “Cruise checklist”
Slow Flight Maneuver
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- 1500 RPM (maintain altitude)
- Landing configuration flow
- fuel pump on
- proper tank
- mixture rich
- flaps 40°
- maintain altitude–slow to just above stall warning activation (50-55 knots)
- Power as required to maintain airspeed and altitude
- Accomplish level flight, climbs, turns, and descents as required without activating stall warning
- Recover–max power/maintain altitude/reduce flaps to 0°
- Accelerate to 64knots
- Cruise checklist
