PRITE-Style ?s Flashcards
On the expressive-supportive spectrum of interventions, which of the following is considered to be the most supportive therapist intervention?
- confronting
- observing
- interpreting
- clarifying
- advising
advising
Which of the following statistical measures could be used to determine how two independent variables in a study, such as depression and EtOH dependence, affect the frequency of the occurrence event, such as suicide?
- T test
- survival
- odds ratio
- relative risk
- regression analysis
- T test: inferential statistic used when there are two levels of independent variable; it involves using the null hypothesis
- survival
- odds ratio:
- relative risk:
- regression analysis:
Explain the null-hypothesis.
Used to determine if an independent variable has produced an effect in an experiment. Null-hypothesis begins with the assumption that an independent variable has NO effect. By assuming the null is true, we can use probability theory to determine the likelihood that any difference(s) we observed in any given study would occur “by chance”. When we say that there is a statistically significant outcome, we mean there is only a very small likelihood that this would occur if the null hypothesis were true. Another way of thinking about this is that the difference we obtained in our study is larger than would be expected by chance (error variation) alone.
When are f-tests used?
When there are 3 or more levels of independent variables.
Which of the following NTs is reduced in quantity, uptake, and turnover in spasticity?
- glycine
- serotonin
- dopamine
- NE
- GABA
*Glycine:
Childhood physical and sexual abuse has been shown to be a risk factor for which of the following? social phobia specific phobia panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder OCD
panic disorder
The capacity to set reasonable goals for one's self and to accept one's imperfections and other limitations is typically realized during which developmental stage? toddlerhood early childhood late childhood adolescence adulthoo
adolescence
A 65 year old patient presents with insidious onset of weakness when rising from low chairs or squatting position and using stairs. Pt complains of lack of strength in R hand. Has prominent weakness of quads bilat, and on opposition of the thumb in R hand. Atrophy in forearm muscles with nl DTRs; other muscles normal strength. Sensory exam is nl. ROS is negative. Labs: nl CK, no anti-transfer RNA synthase antibodies (Jo1). What is the most likely dx?
dermatomyositis, myotonic dystrophy, desmin myopathy, inclusion body myositis, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
-Inclusion body myositis: is a T-cell mediated inflammatory muscle disease, characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of both distal and proximal muscles, most apparent in the muscles of the arms and legs; CK is usually elevated, EMGs usually abnl. Treatment is symptom mgmt, no cure. If dysphagia develops, can be fatal, usually from aspiration PNA.
Describe dermatomyositis.
(DM) is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis (PM) that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin. While DM most frequently affects the skin and muscles, it is a systemic disorder that may also affect the joints, the esophagus, the lungs, and, less commonly, the heart.
What is thought to cause dermatomyositis?
The cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction. In the latter case it is a systemic autoimmune disease. Many people diagnosed with dermatomyositis were previously diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus.
What conditions does dermatomyositis “overlap” with sometimes?
Some cases of dermatomyositis actually “overlap” other autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus, scleroderma, or vasculitis.
What class of medications may contribute to both dermatomyositis and polymyositis?
Several cases of polymyositis and dermatomyositis were reported as being triggered by the use of various statin drugs used to control blood cholesterol. Muscle biopsies of these patients showed rhabdomyolysis, and degeneration and regeneration of muscle tissue.
What are the main skin findings dermatomyositis?
Skin lesions: Gottron lesions, scaly erythematous eruptions or red patches overlying the knuckles, elbows, and knees, also periungual telangiectasias and a heliotropic (purple) rash over the upper eyelids; Mechanic’s hands refers to rough, cracked skin at the tips and lateral aspects of the fingers forming irregular dirty-appearing lines that resemble those seen in a laborer
What are the MSK findings in dermatomyositis?
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness which may be accompanied by pain. The pain may resemble the type experienced after strenuous exercise; Patients find it hard to raise their arms to comb their hair or walk up the stairs due to the proximal muscle weakness; Calcinosis can occur in the skin, joints and tissues
What objective findings would be abnormal in dermatomyositis (i.e. labs, other studies)
. Upon investigation, characteristically one would find an elevated ESR and CPK along with typical EMG findings of spontaneous muscle fibrillation and short polyphasic muscle potentials
